Aplicação pré-operatória imediata de antimicrobianos e repercussão cardiorrespiratória e hemodinâmica em cadelas e gatas anestesiadas com isoflurano
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Data
2016-02-29
Autores
Gomide, Paula Regina Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso perioperatório de antimicrobianos representa uma das formas mais efetivas de combate às infecções cirúrgicas, comuns em ambientes hospitalares. Com o propósito de estudar os potenciais riscos e implicações da sua utilização, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e hemodinâmicos após a aplicação intravenosa de cefazolina, ceftriaxona enrofloxacina e ampicilina em gatas, e metronidazol, ceftriaxona e enrofloxacina em cadelas. A presente dissertação está dividida em duas etapas: estudo 1 (E1) e estudo 2 (E2). No E1 foram utilizadas 40 cadelas, hígidas, distribuídas igualmente em 4 grupos experimentais com 10 animais em cada: GP (grupo placebo), GM (grupo metronidazol), GC (grupo ceftriaxona) e GE (grupo enrofloxacina). No segundo estudo, foram utilizadas 50 gatas hígidas, distribuídas igualmente em 5 grupos experimentais: GP (grupo placebo), G2 (grupo cefazolina), G3 (grupo ceftriaxona), G4 (grupo enrofloxacina) e G5 (grupo ampicilina). Ambos os estudos foram do tipo cego randomizado. Após a fase experimental de coleta de dados todos os animais foram submetidos à ovariohisterectomia pela abordagem minimamente invasiva. Os dados aferidos para posterior análise foram os mesmos para ambos os estudos, sendo eles: frequência cardíaca (FR), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura corporal (T°C), fração expirada de dióxido de carbono (ETCO2), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SpO2), pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica (PAS, PAM e PAD) pelo método invasivo, nos tempos T0 (imediatamente antes de realizar os tratamentos), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 15 (T15), 20 (T20) e 30 (T30) minutos após administração do antimicrobiano, em E1 e T0, T5, T10, T15, T20, T25 e T30 minutos após a administração dos tratamentos em E2. Em E1, verificou-se que a FC apresentou significativa redução no T5 e T30 no GE comparado ao valor basal. A FR teve um aumento significativo no T30 no GP. As PAS e PAM tiveram um decréscimo significativo após 30 minutos no GC. Houve uma significativa diminuição na PAM no T5, T10 e T15 no GE. A T°C teve decréscimo em todos os grupos. Já em E2, a FC apresentou redução significativa do G2 comparado ao GP em todos os tempos, excetuando T20 e no G4, T25 e T30 apresentaram valores significativamente inferiores à T0. A T°C apresentou aumento significativo do G3 no T0 e T5 e todos os grupos apresentaram redução significativa dos valores de T°C em relação à T0. A ETCO2 apresentou aumento significativo do G2 e G5 em todos os tempos em comparação ao GP e não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os tempos dentro de cada grupo. Com base nos resultados do presente estudo e nas condições em que foi realizado, conclui-se que os antimicrobianos estudados não causam alterações cardiorrespiratórias e hemodinâmicas impeditivas de serem utilizados em cães e gatos anestesiados com isoflurano e que os antimicrobianos que foram considerados mais seguros para o uso na forma profilática foram o metronidazol em E1 e a ceftriaxona em E2.
Perioperative use of antimicrobials is one of the most effective way to combat surgical infections, common in hospital settings. In order to study the potential risks and implications of its use, the aim of this study was to assess the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic effects after intravenous administration of cefazolin, ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin and ampicillin in cats and metronidazole, ceftriaxone and enrofloxacin, in dogs. This thesis is divided into two stages. Study 1 (E1) and study 2 (E2). In E1, were used forty healthy bitches, equally distributed into 4 experimentals groups of 10 animals each: PG (placebo group), MG (metronidazole group), CG (ceftriaxone group) and EG (enrofloxacin group). In the second study, fifthy healthy cats, equally divided into 5 groups: PG (placebo group), G2 (cefazolin group), G3 (ceftriaxone group), G4 (enrofloxacin group) and G5 (ampicillin group) were used. Both studies were blind and randomized. After the experimental phase of data collecting, all animals were submitted to ovariohysterectomy to the minimally invasive approach. The measured data for later analysis were the same for both studies, they were: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (T°C), carbon dioxide expired fraction (ETCO2), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, MBP and DBP) by invasive method, in T0 (time immediately before performing the treatment), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 15 (T15), 20 (T20) and 30 (T30) minutes after administration of the antimicrobial in the E1 and T0, T5, T10, T15, T20 T25 and T30 minutes after administration of the treatment in E2. In E1 it was found that the HR presented significant reduction at the T5 and T30 on EG compared to PG. The RR had a significant increase at the T30 on GP. SBP and MBP had a significant decrease after 30 minutes on the CG. There was a significant decrease in MBP at T5, T10 and T15 on EG. The T°C had decreased in all groups. In E2, the HR presented significant reduction in G2 compared to PG at all times, except T20 and on G4, T25 and T30 were significantly lower than the T0 values. T°C showed a significant increase in the G3 at T0 and T5 and all groups showed significant reduction in the values of T°C relative to T0. ETCO2 presented significant increase in G2 and G5 at all times compared to PG and there was no statistically significant difference between the times within each group. Based on the study results and the conditions in which it was conducted, it is concluded that the antimicrobials studied did not cause cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic changes that would hinder the use in dogs and cats anesthetized with isoflurane and the antimicrobials that was considered safer for use in prophylaxis were metronidazole in E1 and ceftriaxone in E2.
Perioperative use of antimicrobials is one of the most effective way to combat surgical infections, common in hospital settings. In order to study the potential risks and implications of its use, the aim of this study was to assess the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic effects after intravenous administration of cefazolin, ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin and ampicillin in cats and metronidazole, ceftriaxone and enrofloxacin, in dogs. This thesis is divided into two stages. Study 1 (E1) and study 2 (E2). In E1, were used forty healthy bitches, equally distributed into 4 experimentals groups of 10 animals each: PG (placebo group), MG (metronidazole group), CG (ceftriaxone group) and EG (enrofloxacin group). In the second study, fifthy healthy cats, equally divided into 5 groups: PG (placebo group), G2 (cefazolin group), G3 (ceftriaxone group), G4 (enrofloxacin group) and G5 (ampicillin group) were used. Both studies were blind and randomized. After the experimental phase of data collecting, all animals were submitted to ovariohysterectomy to the minimally invasive approach. The measured data for later analysis were the same for both studies, they were: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (T°C), carbon dioxide expired fraction (ETCO2), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, MBP and DBP) by invasive method, in T0 (time immediately before performing the treatment), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 15 (T15), 20 (T20) and 30 (T30) minutes after administration of the antimicrobial in the E1 and T0, T5, T10, T15, T20 T25 and T30 minutes after administration of the treatment in E2. In E1 it was found that the HR presented significant reduction at the T5 and T30 on EG compared to PG. The RR had a significant increase at the T30 on GP. SBP and MBP had a significant decrease after 30 minutes on the CG. There was a significant decrease in MBP at T5, T10 and T15 on EG. The T°C had decreased in all groups. In E2, the HR presented significant reduction in G2 compared to PG at all times, except T20 and on G4, T25 and T30 were significantly lower than the T0 values. T°C showed a significant increase in the G3 at T0 and T5 and all groups showed significant reduction in the values of T°C relative to T0. ETCO2 presented significant increase in G2 and G5 at all times compared to PG and there was no statistically significant difference between the times within each group. Based on the study results and the conditions in which it was conducted, it is concluded that the antimicrobials studied did not cause cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic changes that would hinder the use in dogs and cats anesthetized with isoflurane and the antimicrobials that was considered safer for use in prophylaxis were metronidazole in E1 and ceftriaxone in E2.
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Palavras-chave
Antimicrobiano, Anestesia geral, Cadela, Gata, Alteração hemodinâmica, Antimicrobial, General anesthesia, Bitch, Cat, Hemodynamic changes