Conhecimento sobre HPV (Papilomavírus Humano) e a percepção das adolescentes sobre sua imunização
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Data
2016-03-04
Autores
Jorge, Everly Alves Saraiva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) aponta que o câncer de colo do útero é o quarto tipo de câncer mais comum em mulheres, e o sétimo no geral, com um número estimado de 528 mil novos casos em 2012. Os tipos 16 e 18 do Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) são responsáveis por cerca de 70% dos casos de câncer de colo do útero e os tipos 6 e 11 são encontrados em 90% das verrugas genitais. A vacinação contra HPV no Brasil está sendo implantada gradativamente e ofertada para adolescentes do sexo feminino no Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivo Geral: Identificar o conhecimento sobre HPV (Papilomavírus Humano) e a percepção das adolescentes sobre a sua imunização. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cuja população foi constituída por adolescentes do sexo feminino que iniciaram a imunização para HPV na Rede Pública de Saúde do município de Botucatu-SP. Na coleta de dados foi empregada a entrevista semi-estruturada contendo questões norteadoras. O número de participantes foi definido pelo critério de saturação das respostas apresentadas. As entrevistas foram gravadas em meio digital, com a autorização das entrevistadas e mães (ou responsável) e posteriormente transcritas. Para a organização e análise dos dados foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 28 adolescentes e dos discursos emergiram três temas: significações de ter sido vacinada, decisão de ser vacinada e influências e conhecimento sobre HPV. Este estudo revelou que as participantes pouco percebem a significação e importância da vacinação, se restringindo apenas ao fato de prevenir uma doença ou câncer e ao medo que sentem da vacina. Há uma deficiência no conhecimento em relação ao HPV que nos leva a refletir sobre a educação em saúde, pois as colocam em situação de vulnerabilidade e apontam para a necessidade da utilização de diferentes estratégias que veiculem informações para essa faixa etária de forma mais aprofundada e vocabulário próprio, uma vez que a iniciação da atividade sexual tem sido de forma cada vez mais precoce. Desvelou-se também que a família, escola, amigos e os meios de comunicação são fatores de influência na tomada de decisão dessa população.
The World Health Organization (WHO) shows that uterine cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528.000 new cases in 2012. Types 16 and 18 of HPV (Human Papillomavirus) account for 70% of uterine cervical cancer cases, while the types 6 and 11 are found in 90% of genital warts. The HPV vaccination in Brazil is being implemented gradually and offered to female adolescents in the National Health System. Objective: Evaluate knowledge about HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and the perception of adolescents about their immunization. Method: This is a qualitative research, which population is made up of female adolescents who started HPV immunization in the Public Wealth Service in Botucatu, SP. For data collection was used a semi-structured interview containing guiding questions. The number of participants was defined by the criterion of saturation of their responses. The interviews were recorded digitally, with the authorization of the interviewees and mothers (or guardian) and later transcribed. For organizing and analyzing the data we used the method of content analysis. Results: 28 adolescents were interviewed, and three themes emerged: meanings significance of having been vaccinated, decision to be vaccinated and influences and knowledge about HPV. This study revealed that the participants poorly realize the significance and importance of vaccination, it is restricted only to the fact of preventing a disease or cancer and the fear they feel about the vaccine. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the HPV that brings us to the reflection about health education, because the patients are in a vulnerable situation and this study points to the need of using different strategies that convey information for this age group in more depth and in its own vocabulary, considering that sexual activity initiation has been increasingly early. It also unveiled that family, school, friends and the media are influential factors in the decision making of this population.
The World Health Organization (WHO) shows that uterine cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528.000 new cases in 2012. Types 16 and 18 of HPV (Human Papillomavirus) account for 70% of uterine cervical cancer cases, while the types 6 and 11 are found in 90% of genital warts. The HPV vaccination in Brazil is being implemented gradually and offered to female adolescents in the National Health System. Objective: Evaluate knowledge about HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and the perception of adolescents about their immunization. Method: This is a qualitative research, which population is made up of female adolescents who started HPV immunization in the Public Wealth Service in Botucatu, SP. For data collection was used a semi-structured interview containing guiding questions. The number of participants was defined by the criterion of saturation of their responses. The interviews were recorded digitally, with the authorization of the interviewees and mothers (or guardian) and later transcribed. For organizing and analyzing the data we used the method of content analysis. Results: 28 adolescents were interviewed, and three themes emerged: meanings significance of having been vaccinated, decision to be vaccinated and influences and knowledge about HPV. This study revealed that the participants poorly realize the significance and importance of vaccination, it is restricted only to the fact of preventing a disease or cancer and the fear they feel about the vaccine. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the HPV that brings us to the reflection about health education, because the patients are in a vulnerable situation and this study points to the need of using different strategies that convey information for this age group in more depth and in its own vocabulary, considering that sexual activity initiation has been increasingly early. It also unveiled that family, school, friends and the media are influential factors in the decision making of this population.
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Palavras-chave
Vacinas contra HPV, Vacinas contra Papilomavírus, Adolescentes, Papillomavirus vaccines, Human papillomavirus vaccines, Adolescents