Fatores que influenciam a presença de Tangara cayana e Taraba major na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
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Data
2016-03-15
Autores
Meira, Natália Toni de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O habitat de um animal é influenciado por muitos fatores, portanto conhecer suas necessidades ecológicas permite propiciar um sucesso em sua conservação, um exemplo são as aves que devido a alterações ambientais pode ter sua riqueza e abundância modificadas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar quais fatores determinam a presença de Tangara cayana e Taraba major em uma área influenciada por atividades antrópicas. Testamos a hipótese de que a distribuição de Tangara cayana fosse mais dispersa e a de Taraba major fosse mais próxima a pontos hídricos. O estudo foi realizado entre os meses de agosto de 2014 até setembro de 2015 com observações das aves em 120 pontos fixos de 150m² em propriedades rurais de Assis-SP, foram avaliadas algumas variáveis entre elas céu e temperatura no momento da observação, interior ou borda de uma floresta, área aberta, região de várzea, presença de árvores mortas como poleiro, árvores mortas com insetos, árvores frutíferas, gramíneas, cobertura e altura do dossel, distância de culturas e pastagens, distância da rodovia e de estradas não pavimentadas, distância de linha férrea, distância de pontos hídricos e de residências. Os dados foram analisados através da Regressão Logística para a criação de modelos de probabilidade. E também se comparou o mesmo ambiente estudado entre os anos de 1970 e 2014. Os resultados sugerem que a presença de T. cayana é favorecida quando a temperatura está reduzida, quando há uma proximidade aos pontos hídricos, quando o dossel é elevado e quando se está na borda da floresta. Para a espécie T. major temperatura reduzida, proximidade de pontos hídricos e maior distância de atividades agropecuárias favorecem sua presença. Sobre a comparação do ambiente houve uma redução da vegetação em 33% devido às atividades antrópicas. Conclui-se que o uso de modelos de regressão logística pode ser utilizado para a gestão e conservação de espécies de aves, pois são capazes de avaliar os fatores que influenciam a distribuição das espécies.
The habitat of an animal is influenced by many factors, so know their ecological needs enables provide a success in its conservation, an example are the birds that due to environmental changes can have their wealth and abundance changed. The aim of this study was to evaluate which factors determine the presence of Tangara cayana and Taraba major in an area influenced by human activities. We tested the hypothesis that the distribution was more dispersed Tangara cayana and Taraba major was the nearest water point. The study was conducted between the months of August 2014 to September 2015. Observations of birds were conducted in 120 fixed points of 150m² in farms of Assis-SP. We evaluated some variables including sky and temperature at the time of observation, inside or edge a forest, open area, lowland region, the presence of dead trees as perch, dead trees with insects, fruit trees, grasses, canopy cover and height, distance to crops and pastures, away from the highway and unpaved roads, distance rail line, distance to water points and residences. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to create models of probability. Also, comparing the same environment study between 1970 and 2014. The results suggest that the presence of T. cayana is favored when the temperature is reduced when there is a water proximity to points when the canopy is raised and when it is on the edge of the forest. To T. major species reduced temperature, proximity of water points and greater distance from agricultural activities favor their presence. On environmental comparison there was a reduction of vegetation by 33% due to human activities. We conclude that the use of logistic regression models can be used for the management and conservation of bird species, they are able to assess the factors that influence the distribution of species.
The habitat of an animal is influenced by many factors, so know their ecological needs enables provide a success in its conservation, an example are the birds that due to environmental changes can have their wealth and abundance changed. The aim of this study was to evaluate which factors determine the presence of Tangara cayana and Taraba major in an area influenced by human activities. We tested the hypothesis that the distribution was more dispersed Tangara cayana and Taraba major was the nearest water point. The study was conducted between the months of August 2014 to September 2015. Observations of birds were conducted in 120 fixed points of 150m² in farms of Assis-SP. We evaluated some variables including sky and temperature at the time of observation, inside or edge a forest, open area, lowland region, the presence of dead trees as perch, dead trees with insects, fruit trees, grasses, canopy cover and height, distance to crops and pastures, away from the highway and unpaved roads, distance rail line, distance to water points and residences. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to create models of probability. Also, comparing the same environment study between 1970 and 2014. The results suggest that the presence of T. cayana is favored when the temperature is reduced when there is a water proximity to points when the canopy is raised and when it is on the edge of the forest. To T. major species reduced temperature, proximity of water points and greater distance from agricultural activities favor their presence. On environmental comparison there was a reduction of vegetation by 33% due to human activities. We conclude that the use of logistic regression models can be used for the management and conservation of bird species, they are able to assess the factors that influence the distribution of species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Modelos de probabilidade, Aves, Assis-SP, Impactos antrópicos, Probability models, Birds, Human impacts