Síntese e caracterização de hidrogéis nanoestruturados contendo nanoargila e zeólita com potencialidade de aplicação em sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos
Data
2016-03-01
Autores
Fernandes, Renan da Silva [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a grande visibilidade e avanços que a área médica recebe, esta necessita de grande investimento para adquirir equipamentos sofisticados, porém existem materiais comumente encontrados no dia a dia que se destacam para aplicação no ramo medicinal devido suas propriedades satisfatórias e principalmente o baixo custo. Um desses materiais são os hidrogéis, nos quais são polímeros altamente hidrofílicos que quando obtidos por meio de fontes naturais possuem características atrativas para utilização nesta área. A combinação de hidrogéis com nanoestruturas resulta na produção de nanocompósitos que são materiais promissores para o uso em sistemas que necessitam de processo de liberação controlada. Tais sistemas têm o intuito de aumentar o tempo de liberação seja do fármaco, pesticida, água, fertilizante e minimizar perdas expressivas. Com isso, a proposta do trabalho é desenvolver e caracterizar hidrogéis nanocompósitos a base de polissacarídeos para possível utilização como veículos carreadores em sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos. Os hidrogéis foram obtidos gotejando controladamente a solução de alginato de sódio e alginato de sódio com nanocargas em diferentes concentrações de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2) ou cloreto de alumínio (AlCl3). Para caracterização, as propriedades hidrofílicas foram determinadas por medidas de grau de intumescimento, as morfológicas e espectroscópicas foram avaliadas por meio das técnicas de Espectroscopia de Absorção no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) acoplada a EDX (Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X), respectivamente. Além disso, as propriedades térmicas foram estudadas por meio de Análise Termogravimétrica (TG); e por fim a técnica de Difração de Raios-X foi utilizada para determinar a propriedade estrutural e o grau de intercalação da nanoargila. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi possível determinar a concentração ideal do polissacarídeo, o melhor agente reticulador e a nanocarga que melhor se adequou a matriz do hidrogel. As análises de MEV, EDX e FTIR confirmam a incorporação e a boa dispersão da nanocarga nos hidrogéis. Além disso, a nanoargila melhorou a estabilidade térmica dos hidrogéis. Os resultados demonstraram que os hidrogéis nanocompósitos a base de polissacarídeo podem ser considerados materiais promissores em sistemas de liberação controlada como carreadores de fármacos.
With the high visibility and advances in the medical field, needing that high investment to get sophisticated equipments, however there are materials generally found daily that stand out for application in the medical field due its satisfactory properties and mainly the low cost. One of these materials is the hydrogels, which are highly hydrophilic polymers that when obtained from natural sources have attractive characteristics for use in this field. The combination of hydrogels with nanofillers , i.e., nanoclay and zeolite, result in the production of promising nanocomposites for the use in system that require of controlled release process. Such systems have objective to increase the release time of drug, pesticide, water, fertilizer and minimize the significant losses. Thus, the proposal of this study is to develop and characterize nanocomposite hydrogels based on polysaccharide for possible utilization as carrier vehicles in controlled release systems of drugs. The hydrogels were obtained dripping controllably the sodium alginate and sodium alginate with nanofillers solutions in different concentration of calcium chloride and aluminum chloride. Hydrophilic properties were determined by degree of swelling measurements, and the morphological and spectroscopic were evaluated by means of techniques Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). In addition, the thermal properties were studied using the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA); and finally the X-ray diffraction technique was used to determine the structural property and the degree of interleaving of nanoclay. Based on the results, it was possible to determine the optimal concentration of polysaccharide, the best crosslinking agent and the nanofiller that best suited the hydrogel matrix. The SEM and EDS analyzes and FTIR technique confirmed the incorporation and good dispersion of the nanoclay in the hydrogels. Furthermore, the nanoclay improved thermal stability of hydrogels. The results showed that the polysaccharide-based nanocomposite hydrogels can be considered as promising materials for controlled release systems as carriers of drugs.
With the high visibility and advances in the medical field, needing that high investment to get sophisticated equipments, however there are materials generally found daily that stand out for application in the medical field due its satisfactory properties and mainly the low cost. One of these materials is the hydrogels, which are highly hydrophilic polymers that when obtained from natural sources have attractive characteristics for use in this field. The combination of hydrogels with nanofillers , i.e., nanoclay and zeolite, result in the production of promising nanocomposites for the use in system that require of controlled release process. Such systems have objective to increase the release time of drug, pesticide, water, fertilizer and minimize the significant losses. Thus, the proposal of this study is to develop and characterize nanocomposite hydrogels based on polysaccharide for possible utilization as carrier vehicles in controlled release systems of drugs. The hydrogels were obtained dripping controllably the sodium alginate and sodium alginate with nanofillers solutions in different concentration of calcium chloride and aluminum chloride. Hydrophilic properties were determined by degree of swelling measurements, and the morphological and spectroscopic were evaluated by means of techniques Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). In addition, the thermal properties were studied using the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA); and finally the X-ray diffraction technique was used to determine the structural property and the degree of interleaving of nanoclay. Based on the results, it was possible to determine the optimal concentration of polysaccharide, the best crosslinking agent and the nanofiller that best suited the hydrogel matrix. The SEM and EDS analyzes and FTIR technique confirmed the incorporation and good dispersion of the nanoclay in the hydrogels. Furthermore, the nanoclay improved thermal stability of hydrogels. The results showed that the polysaccharide-based nanocomposite hydrogels can be considered as promising materials for controlled release systems as carriers of drugs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hidrogéis, Nanocompósitos, Nanoargila, Zeólita, Liberação controlada, Hydrogels, Nanocomposites, Nanoclay, Zeolite, Controlled release