Fatores de risco relacionados à perda de produtividade laboral e aumento dos custos ambulatoriais de pacientes atendidos por unidades básicas de saúde
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Data
2016-04-29
Autores
Araujo, Monique Yndawe Castanho [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento da expectativa de vida vem acompanhado de conseqüências econômicas e sociais, onde destaca-se o aumento das doenças crônicas e dos gastos com saúde. As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são as principais causas de morte no mundo e estão presentes de forma mais intensa na população idosa, tendo como alguns de seus fatores de risco o tabagismo, uso de álcool, inatividade física e obesidade. Dessa forma, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar associação entre agregação de fatores/comportamentos de risco à saúde e perda de produtividade laboral e aumento dos custos com saúde em adultos atendidos no Sistema Único de Saúde. Para tanto, 342 pacientes foram convidados a fazer parte da pesquisa e foram avaliados quanto a associação dos custos com tratamento na atenção primária e perda de produtividade com fatores/comportamentos de risco como adiposidade corporal, nível de atividade física, consumo de álcool e tabagismo e com variáveis de desfecho das doenças crônicas como os distúrbios do sono e dor lombar, e ainda, às variáveis sexo e idade de aposentadoria. Os fatores/comportamentos de risco foram agregados para constituir uma única variável de risco, assim, a amostra foi subdividida em três grupos: (i) nenhum comportamento/fator de risco, (ii) 1 comportamento/fator de risco, (iii) 2 ou mais comportamentos/fatores de risco, e o grau de influência de cada fator de risco nos custos com perda de produtividade foi verificado isoladamente e agregado a outros fatores de risco. A análise estatística foi composta pelos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, Kruskal Wallis para comparação de três ou mais grupos (Mann Whitney, como post-hoc quando necessário) e Mann Whitney para comparação de dois grupos, qui-quadrado, regressão logística binária e Hosmer-Lemeshow, os procedimentos foram realizados no programa BioEstat 5.0 com significância adotada em 5%. Verificou-se que não houve associação entre agregação dos fatores/comportamentos de risco e gastos na atenção primária, no entanto maiores gastos foram encontrados para as variáveis distúrbios do sono, dor lombar, idade de aposentadoria e sexo. Para os fatores de risco e as varáveis de desfecho, observou-se que tabagismo (p-valor= 0,023) e distúrbios do sono (p-valor= 0,027) se associam aos gastos com perda de produtividade por absenteísmo. Gastos com perda de produtividade por aposentadoria por invalidez foram maiores para pacientes com distúrbios de sono (p-valor= 0,004) e dor lombar (p-valor= 0,001). A agregação dos fatores de risco obesidade, sedentarismo, uso de álcool e tabagismo, esteve associada a gastos com perda de produtividade por aposentadoria por invalidez (p-valor= 0,036), e ainda, observou-se que obesidade situa o paciente no maior quartil de perda de produtividade por aposentadoria por invalidez OR= 2.47 [95%IC= 1.20 – 5.06]. Conclui-se que fatores e comportamentos de risco às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, bem como, suas variáveis de desfecho estão associados a gastos com saúde e perda de produtividade laboral em adultos atendidos na atenção básica do sistema de saúde da cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP.
The increase in life expectancy is accompanied by economic and social consequences, which highlights the increase in chronic diseases and health spending. Noncommunicable chronic diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide and are present more intensely in the elderly, having as some of its risk factors, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity and obesity. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between the aggregation of factors / risk behaviors to health and productivity loss and the raise on health care costs in adults treated at the Health System. Therefore, 342 patients were invited to join the study and were evaluated concerning the association of treatment costs in public primary health care services and productivity loss with factors / risk behaviors such as body fat, physical activity level, alcohol consumption and smoking, with outcome variables of chronic diseases such as sleep disorders and back pain; moreover, the gender and age of retirement. The factors / risk behaviors were aggregated to constitute a single risk variable, so the sample was subdivided into three groups: (i) no behavior / risk factor, (ii) one behavior / risk factor, (iii) 2 or more behaviors / risk factors and the degree of influence of each risk factor in productivity loss costs was checked separately and added to other risk factors. Statistical analysis was made by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, Kruskal Wallis tests for comparison of three or more groups (Mann Whitney as post-hoc where necessary) and Mann Whitney test for comparison of two groups, chi-square test, binary logistic regression and HosmerLemeshow, the procedures were performed at 5.0 BioEstat program at 5% significance adopted. It was found that there was no association between aggregation of factors / risk behavior and expenses in public primary health care services but higher expenses were found for the variable sleep disorders, back pain, retirement age and sex. For risk factors and outcome variables it was observed that smoking (p = 0.023) and sleep disorders (p = 0.027) are associated with expenses on productivity loss by absenteeism. Costs on productivity loss by disability retirement were higher for patients with sleep disorders (p = 0.004) and low back pain (p = 0.001). The aggregation of risk factors such as, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and smoking was associated with expenses on productivity loss disability retirement _ (p-value = 0.036) and it was observed that obesity places the patient in the highest quartile of productivity loss due to disability retirement OR = 2.47 [95% CI = 1:20 to 5:06]. It is concluded that factors and risk behaviors for noncommunicable chronic diseases as well as their outcome variables are associated with health expenses and loss of labor productivity in adults seen in the public primary health care service in the health system of the city of Presidente Prudente / SP.
The increase in life expectancy is accompanied by economic and social consequences, which highlights the increase in chronic diseases and health spending. Noncommunicable chronic diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide and are present more intensely in the elderly, having as some of its risk factors, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity and obesity. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the association between the aggregation of factors / risk behaviors to health and productivity loss and the raise on health care costs in adults treated at the Health System. Therefore, 342 patients were invited to join the study and were evaluated concerning the association of treatment costs in public primary health care services and productivity loss with factors / risk behaviors such as body fat, physical activity level, alcohol consumption and smoking, with outcome variables of chronic diseases such as sleep disorders and back pain; moreover, the gender and age of retirement. The factors / risk behaviors were aggregated to constitute a single risk variable, so the sample was subdivided into three groups: (i) no behavior / risk factor, (ii) one behavior / risk factor, (iii) 2 or more behaviors / risk factors and the degree of influence of each risk factor in productivity loss costs was checked separately and added to other risk factors. Statistical analysis was made by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, Kruskal Wallis tests for comparison of three or more groups (Mann Whitney as post-hoc where necessary) and Mann Whitney test for comparison of two groups, chi-square test, binary logistic regression and HosmerLemeshow, the procedures were performed at 5.0 BioEstat program at 5% significance adopted. It was found that there was no association between aggregation of factors / risk behavior and expenses in public primary health care services but higher expenses were found for the variable sleep disorders, back pain, retirement age and sex. For risk factors and outcome variables it was observed that smoking (p = 0.023) and sleep disorders (p = 0.027) are associated with expenses on productivity loss by absenteeism. Costs on productivity loss by disability retirement were higher for patients with sleep disorders (p = 0.004) and low back pain (p = 0.001). The aggregation of risk factors such as, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and smoking was associated with expenses on productivity loss disability retirement _ (p-value = 0.036) and it was observed that obesity places the patient in the highest quartile of productivity loss due to disability retirement OR = 2.47 [95% CI = 1:20 to 5:06]. It is concluded that factors and risk behaviors for noncommunicable chronic diseases as well as their outcome variables are associated with health expenses and loss of labor productivity in adults seen in the public primary health care service in the health system of the city of Presidente Prudente / SP.
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Doenças crônicas, Sistema Único de Saúde, Gastos em saúde, Chronic disease, Unified Health System, Health expenditures