Resistência de genótipos de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ao ataque de Opsiphanes invirae Hübner, 1808 (lepidoptera: nymphalidae) no Estado do Pará
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Data
2016-05-31
Autores
Maia, Patricia Surama Parise [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa teve por objetivos estabelecer uma metodologia para criação de O. invirae e identificar genótipos de palma de óleo que apresentem fontes de resistência a esse inseto, nas categorias por não preferência para alimentação, antibiose e tolerância, sendo esta última baseada na produtividade após simulação de desfolha nas plantas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, exceto o teste de tolerância, o qual foi em condições de campo. Para a metodologia de criação, as lagartas foram criadas individualmente em placas de Petri até o quarto ínstar e posteriormente transferidas para recipientes maiores onde permaneceram até a emergência dos adultos. Foram utilizados 5 genótipos de palma de óleo para os testes de não preferência para alimentação, antibiose e tolerância, quais sejam: Deli x LaMe tratamento testemunha, Compacta x Ekona; Deli x Ekona; Compacta x Nigéria e Compacta x Ghana. Os testes com e sem chance de escolha, foram realizados com lagartas de O. invirae recém-eclodidas e com 12 dias de idade. Foram avaliados o consumo e a atratividade a 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 30 minutos e 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas, após a liberação dos insetos. No teste de antibiose, as lagartas de O. invirae foram alimentadas com folíolos dos cinco genótipos até o final da fase larval. No teste de tolerância, os genótipos foram submetidos a desfolha simulada, ou seja, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%. Avaliando a produção por 14 meses após a desfolha. O ciclo de vida desde o ovo até a emergência do adulto de O. invirae se completou em 64,59 dias. No teste com chance de escolha, os genótipos mais atrativos foram Compacta x Ekona e Compacta x Ghana, enquanto que o Compacta x Nigéria foi o menos atrativo e menos consumido nos dois testes com lagartas recém-eclodidas. No teste sem chance de escolha com lagartas de 12 dias de idade o tratamento Deli x LaMe foi o menos consumido, o Compacta x Ghana, foi o mais consumido em teste com e sem chance de escolha. No entanto no teste de antibiose foram verificados maiores efeitos dos genótipos estudados nas viabilidades do quinto ínstar larval, no período total da fase larval e fase pupal. No teste de tolerância, os genótipos Deli x LaMe e Compacta x Ekona apresentaram os melhores resultados de produtividade. O genótipo Compacta x Nigéria apresenta resistência do tipo não preferência para alimentação a lagartas recém-eclodidas de O. invirae; o genótipo Deli x LaMe apresenta resistência na categoria antibiose e os genótipos mais tolerantes a desfolha simulada são Deli x Lame, Compacta x Ekona e Compacta x Nigéria.
This research aimed to establish a methodology for creating O. invirae and identify genotypes palm oil presenting this insect resistance sources in the categories by not feeding preference, antibiosis and tolerance, the latter being based on productivity simulation after defoliation in plants. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory, but the tolerance test, which was under field conditions. For the creation of methodology, the caterpillars were reared individually in Petri dishes until the fourth instar and then transferred to larger containers where they remained until the emergence of adults. 5 oil palm genotypes were used for the test no preference for food, antibiosis and tolerance, which are: Deli x Lame control treatment, Compact x Ekona; Deli x Ekona; Compact x Nigeria and Compact x Ghana. The tests with and without choice, were carried out with crawler O. invirae newly hatched and 12 days old. They were evaluated consumption and attractiveness to 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the release of the insects. In antibiosis test, Crawler O. invirae were fed leaflets of the five genotypes by the end of the larval stage. In the tolerance test, the genotypes were simulated peeling, is, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Evaluating production for 14 months after defoliation. The life cycle from egg to the emergence of O. invirae adult was completed in 64.59 days. In the test free choice, the most attractive genotypes were Compacta x Ekona and Compact x Ghana, while the Compact x Nigeria was the least attractive and least consumed in both tests with newly hatched caterpillars. In the test no choice with caterpillars 12 days old the Deli x Lame treatment was the least consumed, Compact x Ghana, was the most consumed in test and no choice. However the antibiosis test were observed greater effects of the genotypes studied the viability of the fifth instar larvae, the total period of the larval and pupal stage. In the tolerance test, the Deli x Lame and Compact x Ekona genotypes showed the best productivity results. The Compact x Nigeria genotype is resistant type no preference for feeding the newly hatched larvae of O. invirae; the Deli x Lame genotype presents resistance in antibiose category and the most tolerant genotypes simulated defoliation are Delhi x Lame, Compact x Ekona and Compact x Nigeria.
This research aimed to establish a methodology for creating O. invirae and identify genotypes palm oil presenting this insect resistance sources in the categories by not feeding preference, antibiosis and tolerance, the latter being based on productivity simulation after defoliation in plants. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory, but the tolerance test, which was under field conditions. For the creation of methodology, the caterpillars were reared individually in Petri dishes until the fourth instar and then transferred to larger containers where they remained until the emergence of adults. 5 oil palm genotypes were used for the test no preference for food, antibiosis and tolerance, which are: Deli x Lame control treatment, Compact x Ekona; Deli x Ekona; Compact x Nigeria and Compact x Ghana. The tests with and without choice, were carried out with crawler O. invirae newly hatched and 12 days old. They were evaluated consumption and attractiveness to 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the release of the insects. In antibiosis test, Crawler O. invirae were fed leaflets of the five genotypes by the end of the larval stage. In the tolerance test, the genotypes were simulated peeling, is, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Evaluating production for 14 months after defoliation. The life cycle from egg to the emergence of O. invirae adult was completed in 64.59 days. In the test free choice, the most attractive genotypes were Compacta x Ekona and Compact x Ghana, while the Compact x Nigeria was the least attractive and least consumed in both tests with newly hatched caterpillars. In the test no choice with caterpillars 12 days old the Deli x Lame treatment was the least consumed, Compact x Ghana, was the most consumed in test and no choice. However the antibiosis test were observed greater effects of the genotypes studied the viability of the fifth instar larvae, the total period of the larval and pupal stage. In the tolerance test, the Deli x Lame and Compact x Ekona genotypes showed the best productivity results. The Compact x Nigeria genotype is resistant type no preference for feeding the newly hatched larvae of O. invirae; the Deli x Lame genotype presents resistance in antibiose category and the most tolerant genotypes simulated defoliation are Delhi x Lame, Compact x Ekona and Compact x Nigeria.
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Palavras-chave
Antibiose, Desfolha simulada, Preferencia alimentar, Tolerância, Pragas do dendezeiro, Antibiosis, Simulated defoliation, Food preference, Tolerance, Oil palm pests