Doses de nitrogênio em coberturas vegetais e molibdênio foliar na soja em sucessão
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Data
2016-06-01
Autores
Goes, Renato Jaqueto [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A escolha de espécies a serem utilizadas como coberturas vegetais cultivadas na entressafra para a formação de palhada exerce influência na sustentabilidade do sistema plantio direto (SPD). Com a decomposição, os nutrientes contidos na matéria seca (MS) são liberados e absorvidos pelas culturas em sucessão. O molibdênio (Mo) é um micronutriente que apresenta efeito tanto na enzima nitrogenase quanto na redutase do nitrato as quais são essenciais para a fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses de N em coberturas vegetais na soja com diferentes doses de Mo foliar, em sucessão, em região de Cerrado e sob SPD. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial 2 x 4 x 4 com três repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: duas espécies de coberturas vegetais [sorgo – Sorghum bicolor L. Moench e milheto - Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown], quatro doses de N (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) que foram aplicadas nas coberturas vegetais e quatro doses de Mo aplicadas via foliar na soja em sucessão (0; 12,5; 25 e 50 g ha-1). O cultivar utilizado foi o BRS Valiosa RR. Como fonte de N utilizou-se o nitrato de amônio (33% de N). Nas coberturas vegetais foi determinado a produtividade de MS, teor e acúmulo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e Mo e a MS remanescente. Na cultura da soja realizaram-se as seguintes avaliações: teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e Mo, estande, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, altura de planta, número de grãos por vagem, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por planta, massa de 1000 grãos e produtividade. O milheto e o sorgo apresentaram acúmulo de MS semelhantes quando a semeadura ocorreu na primavera. Ambas as espécies utilizadas como coberturas vegetais apresentaram potencial para utilização em rotação/sucessão no SPD. A palhada de sorgo proporciona à cultura da soja maior estande e maior altura de plantas. A produtividade de grãos foi maior sobre a palhada de milheto. As doses de N aplicadas nas coberturas vegetais e as doses de Mo via foliar na soja não aumentam a produtividade desta oleaginosa cultivada em sucessão no SPD.
The choice of species to be used as cover plants cropped in no season to straw production exert influences in the sustainability of no tillage (SPD). With the decomposition, the nutrients contained in the dry matter (MS) are released and absorbed by crops in sucession. The molybdenum (Mo) is a micronutrient that had so effect in nitrogenase enzyme as in the nitrate reductase those are essential to nitrogen biological fixation (FBN). The present work had as objective to evaluate the N rates effect on cover plants in the soybean with differents Mo foliar rates, in sucession, in Cerrado region and under SPD. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 4 x 4 with three replications. The treatments used were: two species of cover plants [sorghum – Sorghum bicolor L. Moench e millet - Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown], four N rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 ) that were applied in cover plants and four Mo rates applied on the leaves in soybean in sucession (0; 12,5; 25 and 50 g ha-1 ). The cultivar used was the BRS Valiosa RR. As N source was used ammonium nitrate (33% of N). In the cover plants were determinated the dry matter yield (MS), content and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Mo and MS remaining. At soybean were done the follow evaluations: leaf content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Mo, stand, first pod insertion, plants height, number of grains by pod, number of pods by plant, weight of 1000 grains and grains yield. The millet and sorghum showed similar MS accumulation when the sowing occurred in the spring. Both species used as cover plants showed potential to use in rotation/sucession in the SPD. The sorghum straw concerns to soybean crop bigger stand and plants height. The grains yield was bigger under millet straw. The N rates applied on the cover plants and the foliar Mo rates in the soybean didn‟t increase the grains yield of this oleaginous cropped in sucession in the SPD.
The choice of species to be used as cover plants cropped in no season to straw production exert influences in the sustainability of no tillage (SPD). With the decomposition, the nutrients contained in the dry matter (MS) are released and absorbed by crops in sucession. The molybdenum (Mo) is a micronutrient that had so effect in nitrogenase enzyme as in the nitrate reductase those are essential to nitrogen biological fixation (FBN). The present work had as objective to evaluate the N rates effect on cover plants in the soybean with differents Mo foliar rates, in sucession, in Cerrado region and under SPD. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 4 x 4 with three replications. The treatments used were: two species of cover plants [sorghum – Sorghum bicolor L. Moench e millet - Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown], four N rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 ) that were applied in cover plants and four Mo rates applied on the leaves in soybean in sucession (0; 12,5; 25 and 50 g ha-1 ). The cultivar used was the BRS Valiosa RR. As N source was used ammonium nitrate (33% of N). In the cover plants were determinated the dry matter yield (MS), content and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Mo and MS remaining. At soybean were done the follow evaluations: leaf content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Mo, stand, first pod insertion, plants height, number of grains by pod, number of pods by plant, weight of 1000 grains and grains yield. The millet and sorghum showed similar MS accumulation when the sowing occurred in the spring. Both species used as cover plants showed potential to use in rotation/sucession in the SPD. The sorghum straw concerns to soybean crop bigger stand and plants height. The grains yield was bigger under millet straw. The N rates applied on the cover plants and the foliar Mo rates in the soybean didn‟t increase the grains yield of this oleaginous cropped in sucession in the SPD.
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Adubação molíbdica, Glycine max Merrill, Pennisetum glaucum, Palhada, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, Sistema plantio direto, Straw, No tillage