Variação espacial e temporal da comunidade fitoplanctônica no reservatório de Guarapiranga - SP
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2016-06-16
Autores
Machado, Leila dos Santos [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em geral, é comum que os reservatórios no Brasil apresentem características propensas a eutrofização, constituindo ecossistemas favoráveis para a expansão das florações de algas e de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas. O reservatório de Guarapiranga é responsável pelo fornecimento de água para grande parte da região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), porém, nos últimos anos, tem sido observada uma aceleração do processo de eutrofização mediante interferência humana. Com a alteração das características físico-químicas da água, florações tornaram-se cada vez mais frequentes. Assim, este estudo objetivou investigar a interação e resposta da comunidade fitoplanctônica às variáveis físico-químicas da água do reservatório, bem como, analisar a variação espacial e temporal da comunidade fitoplanctônica, buscando conhecer a dinâmica das cianobactérias e a presença de microcistina. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de água no reservatório no período chuvoso e seco na região à montante, intermediária (tributário Parelheiros) e barragem. Em laboratório, foram analisadas as características físico-químicas, quantificação de microcistina, triagem e identificação taxonômica dos organismos fitoplanctônicos. Por meio da análise descritiva e estatística foi possível constatar que composição da comunidade fitoplanctônica é diferente ao longo do reservatório e varia em resposta às características físico-químicas de cada local. Em geral, o período de seca representou um fator agravante do processo de eutrofização no reservatório, principalmente na região da barragem, onde foi observado um aumento considerável na biomassa fitoplanctônica. Na região de Parelheiros, foi observada a dominância de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, no período chuvoso e Planktolyngbya limnetica, no período de seca) e a presença de microcistina, associadas às elevadas concentrações de nutrientes. Desse modo, foi constatado que a comunidade fitoplanctônica responde à variação temporal e espacial observada para as variáveis físico-químicas. De maneira geral, nutrientes como o amônio, nitrogênio e fósforo total estiveram relacionados à alta biomassa fitoplanctônica, principalmente de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas.
In general, it is common that the reservoirs in Brazil have the characteristics prone to eutrophication, constituting favorable ecosystem for the expansion of algal blooms and potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The Guarapiranga reservoir is responsible for providing water for a large proportion of the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MRSP), but in recent years it has been observed an accelerated eutrophication process by human interference. By changing the physical and chemical characteristics of water, algal blooms have become increasingly frequent. This study aimed to investigate the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community as well as the effects of main environmental variables on the phytoplankton community structure, additionally, to analyze the dynamics of cyanobacteria and the quantification of microcystin. Wather samples for phisical, chemical and byologic analysis were collected in the rainy and the dry season in the regions of the reservoir: upstream, intermediate (Parelheiros affluent) and dam. The organisms were analyzed in the microscope, identified and measured for the calculation of the biomass. Statistical analyses indicated that the composition of the phytoplankton community is different along the reservoir and varies in response to the physicochemical characteristics of each site. In general, the dry period represented an aggravating factor in the eutrophication process in the reservoir, mainly in the dam area, where it was observed a observed a significant increase in phytoplankton biomass. In Parelheiros region was observed dominance of potentially toxic cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in the rainy season and Planktolyngbya limnetica, in the dry season) and the presence of microcystin associated with high concentrations of nutrients. Thus, it contacted the phytoplankton community responds to the temporal and spatial variation observed for the physical and chemical variables. In general, nutrients such as ammonia, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were related to high phytoplankton biomass, particularly of potentially toxic cianobactéria.
In general, it is common that the reservoirs in Brazil have the characteristics prone to eutrophication, constituting favorable ecosystem for the expansion of algal blooms and potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The Guarapiranga reservoir is responsible for providing water for a large proportion of the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MRSP), but in recent years it has been observed an accelerated eutrophication process by human interference. By changing the physical and chemical characteristics of water, algal blooms have become increasingly frequent. This study aimed to investigate the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community as well as the effects of main environmental variables on the phytoplankton community structure, additionally, to analyze the dynamics of cyanobacteria and the quantification of microcystin. Wather samples for phisical, chemical and byologic analysis were collected in the rainy and the dry season in the regions of the reservoir: upstream, intermediate (Parelheiros affluent) and dam. The organisms were analyzed in the microscope, identified and measured for the calculation of the biomass. Statistical analyses indicated that the composition of the phytoplankton community is different along the reservoir and varies in response to the physicochemical characteristics of each site. In general, the dry period represented an aggravating factor in the eutrophication process in the reservoir, mainly in the dam area, where it was observed a observed a significant increase in phytoplankton biomass. In Parelheiros region was observed dominance of potentially toxic cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in the rainy season and Planktolyngbya limnetica, in the dry season) and the presence of microcystin associated with high concentrations of nutrients. Thus, it contacted the phytoplankton community responds to the temporal and spatial variation observed for the physical and chemical variables. In general, nutrients such as ammonia, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were related to high phytoplankton biomass, particularly of potentially toxic cianobactéria.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Eutrofização, Fitoplâncton, Cianobactérias, Microcistinas, Eutrophication, Phytoplankton, Cyanobacteria, Microcystins