Uso de atributos do solo na identificação de limites para preservação de Veredas no Mato Grosso do Sul
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2016-07-01
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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As veredas, subsistema típico do Cerrado Brasileiro, apresentam peculiar importância para o equilíbrio geoecológico deste, pois protegem nascentes, as quais garantem o abastecimento hídrico de cursos d’água. Caracterizadas por drenagens superficiais, as Veredas, são povoadas por árvores, vegetação arbustiva e plantas herbáceas, juntamente com o Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), palmeira típica destes ambientes. Este ambiente quando degradado apresenta baixa capacidade de regeneração, além de apresentar-se como altamente sensível às mudanças antrópicas. Para sua preservação, seus limites precisam ser bem definidos e tanto a cor, quanto a mineralogia dos solos presentes pode contribuir para isto, pois como se sabe os óxidos de ferro têm a sua formação influenciada pelas condições pedoambientais e processos pedogenéticos. Tendo por objetivo avaliar a utilização de parâmetros como cor do solo associada a dados de extração de ferro com ditionito (FeDCB), oxalato (FeOX) carbono orgânico total e pH em água e KCl, como indicadores para delimitação das áreas de abrangência de uma vereda, produzindo subsídios à adequação da área de preservação permanente no entorno desta e como indicação para delimitação de solos sob influência da água. Os resultados mostraram que as cores GLEY 1 valor 5 a 8 e cromas N e 10Y, 5Y com valor e croma variando entre 5/1, 6/1, 7/1 e 7/2, podem ser utilizadas para delimitação do pedoambiente das veredas, bem como 330 ppm de ferro em extração feita com dithionito, pois ambos indicam a ocorrência de solos em formação em ambientes hidromórficos. As informações avaliadas pela extração do oxalato corroboraram a literatura, onde o ferro amorfo encontra-se em maior quantidade em ambiente redutor e menor quantidade em ambientes oxidantes. O carbono orgânico total (COT) avaliado, em topossequência, apresenta variações das partes mais baixas (ambiente redutor) para as mais altas (oxidante) da paisagem. Nas áreas alagadas as condições não são satisfatórias aos microrganismos decompositores promovendo, consequentemente, a manutenção do COT no solo, contrapondo-se ao observado em solos bem drenados, onde as condições são favoráveis à decomposição e ocorre acompanhada de uma melhor distribuição do COT em profundidade. Os parâmetros pH em H2O e pH em KCl não apresentam variações indicativas de influência do pedoambiente. Os perfis de solos da topossequência foram classificados como LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico típico (LV), LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico plintossólico (LA), GLEISSOLO HÁPLICO Distrófico típico (GXbd), GLEISSOLO HÁPLICO Ta Distrófico típico (GXvd). A técnica estatística “Split Moving Windows” mostrou-se uma ferramenta útil na identificação dos limites de preservação da Vereda, e indicou a delimitação atual da área de preservação permanente - APP como inadequada, precisando de uma readequação de aproximadamente 210.000 m2 de APP.
The Palm swamp, known as “vereda”, a typical subsystem of the Brazilian Cerrado, has special importance for its geoecological balance, protecting water sources, which guarantee the hydric supply for watercourses. Characterized by surficial drainage, the palm swamps, are populated by trees, shrub and herbaceous plants along with Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), palm tree typical of these environments. These environments, when degraded, have low regenerative capacity, and present themselves as highly sensitive to anthropogenic changes. For their preservation, the limits need to be very well defined and both color as soil mineralogy can contribute to this, once as known the iron oxides have their genese influenced by pedo-environmental conditions and pedogenic processes. In order to evaluate the use of parameters such as soil color associated with iron extracted with dithionito (FeDCB), oxalate (FeOX), total organic carbon and pH(H2O) and pH(KCl), as indicators for delimitation of palm swamp area, producing subsidies for adequacy of permanent preservation area surrounding that and as an indicator for delimitation of soils under influence of wetlands. The results indicated the colors Gley 1 value 5 to 8 and chromas N and 10Y, 5Y with value and chroma ranging from 5/1, 6/1, 7/1 and 7/2 can be used for delimitation of the palm swamp pedo-enviroment and 330 ppm of Fe(DBC), both indicate the occurrence of soils in hydromorphic environments. The information evaluated by extraction of the oxalate is confirmed with the literature where the amorphous iron is in the larger amount in the reducing environment, and less at oxidants. The total organic carbon (TOC) of toposequence show variations from lower parts (reducing environment) to the highest parts (oxidizer) of the landscape. In wetlands the conditions are not satisfactory to microbiological decomposition and subsequent maintenance of the TOC in the soil, on other hand, the well-drained soil has good conditions to decomposition, and better TOC distribution in depth. The pH in H2O and KCl not show indicative of pedoambiente influence. The Soil profiles of toposequence were classified as Typic Hapludox (LV), Plinthic Hapludox (LA), Typic Hydraquents (GXbd) Typic Hydraquents (GXvd). The statistical technique "Split Moving Windows" proved to be a useful tool in identifying the limits of Vereda preservation, which has unsuitable current delimitation of preservation area, needing a readjustment approximately 210,000 m2 of permanent protection area.
The Palm swamp, known as “vereda”, a typical subsystem of the Brazilian Cerrado, has special importance for its geoecological balance, protecting water sources, which guarantee the hydric supply for watercourses. Characterized by surficial drainage, the palm swamps, are populated by trees, shrub and herbaceous plants along with Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), palm tree typical of these environments. These environments, when degraded, have low regenerative capacity, and present themselves as highly sensitive to anthropogenic changes. For their preservation, the limits need to be very well defined and both color as soil mineralogy can contribute to this, once as known the iron oxides have their genese influenced by pedo-environmental conditions and pedogenic processes. In order to evaluate the use of parameters such as soil color associated with iron extracted with dithionito (FeDCB), oxalate (FeOX), total organic carbon and pH(H2O) and pH(KCl), as indicators for delimitation of palm swamp area, producing subsidies for adequacy of permanent preservation area surrounding that and as an indicator for delimitation of soils under influence of wetlands. The results indicated the colors Gley 1 value 5 to 8 and chromas N and 10Y, 5Y with value and chroma ranging from 5/1, 6/1, 7/1 and 7/2 can be used for delimitation of the palm swamp pedo-enviroment and 330 ppm of Fe(DBC), both indicate the occurrence of soils in hydromorphic environments. The information evaluated by extraction of the oxalate is confirmed with the literature where the amorphous iron is in the larger amount in the reducing environment, and less at oxidants. The total organic carbon (TOC) of toposequence show variations from lower parts (reducing environment) to the highest parts (oxidizer) of the landscape. In wetlands the conditions are not satisfactory to microbiological decomposition and subsequent maintenance of the TOC in the soil, on other hand, the well-drained soil has good conditions to decomposition, and better TOC distribution in depth. The pH in H2O and KCl not show indicative of pedoambiente influence. The Soil profiles of toposequence were classified as Typic Hapludox (LV), Plinthic Hapludox (LA), Typic Hydraquents (GXbd) Typic Hydraquents (GXvd). The statistical technique "Split Moving Windows" proved to be a useful tool in identifying the limits of Vereda preservation, which has unsuitable current delimitation of preservation area, needing a readjustment approximately 210,000 m2 of permanent protection area.
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Ambiente hidromórfico, Pedomorfologia, Área de preservação permanente, Environment hydromorphic, Pedomorfology, Permanent protection area