Avaliação de uma estação compacta de tratamento de esgoto sanitário composta por reator UASB - biofiltro aerado submerso
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Data
2016-07-20
Autores
Ribeiro, Jaqueline Cardoso [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma Estação Compacta de Tratamento de Efluente (ECTE) composta por reator Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) seguido de Biofiltro Aerado Submerso (BAS), localizada no município de Uru-SP e foi conduzida em parceria com a Sabesp. As ECTEs podem ser uma ótima alternativa para a implantação de um sistema descentralizado que possa atender pequenas comunidades, no entanto, tais sistemas ainda são pouco utilizados para o tratamento municipal de efluentes sanitários e ainda há pouca experiência com relação à sua operação, portanto esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de tal sistema e realizar seu acompanhamento operacional, e através dos resultados obtidos apresentar diretrizes para sua melhor operação, proporcionando um efluente final de melhor qualidade. Este acompanhamento foi realizado através de análises físico-químicas com duração de 16 semanas e foram feitas coletas semanais de cada etapa do tratamento e coletas mensais do perfil de lodo do reator UASB. Através deste acompanhamento foi possível estimar diretrizes para o volume e periodicidade de descarte de lodo uma vez que havia um histórico de problemas em relação a Sólidos Sedimentáveis (SS) na ECTE e apresentar sugestões de melhorias para o sistema em relação às questões de projeto, dimensionais e operacionais. Durante a pesquisa, o sistema mostrou-se bastante eficiente principalmente em relação às remoções de Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (5 dias) (DBO5) e Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) filtrada com valores médios de no mínimo 91% e 85% respectivamente. Também acredita-se que o monitoramento contribuiu para uma melhora geral do sistema, pois durante a sua realização foi obtida a Licença de Operação (LO) da ECTE que até então estava sendo operada com uma Licença de Operação a Título Precário (LOTP), o que mostra que tratamentos descentralizados, tais como ECTEs são boas alternativas para pequenos municípios e podem atender os padrões de eficiência exigidos pela legislação desde que sejam feitos um acompanhamento operacional e manutenção mínimos para o bom funcionamento do sistema.
This research was developed in a Compact Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWWTP) composed of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor followed by Submerged Aerated Biofilter (BAF), located in the municipality of Uru-SP and was conducted in partnership with Sabesp. The CWWTPs can be a great alternative to the implementation of a decentralized system that can serve small communities, however, such systems are still little used for municipal treatment of sewage and there is little experience regarding its operation, so this search aimed to evaluate the efficiency of such a system and perform its operational monitoring, and through the results provide guidelines for its best operation, providing a final effluent of better quality. This monitoring was carried out through physical-chemical analyzes during 16 weeks and weekly collections were made of each stage of the treatment and monthly collections of UASB reactor sludge profile. Through this monitoring it was possible to estimate guidelines for volume and intervals of sludge disposal since there was a history of issues regarding Sedimentable Solids (SS) in the CWWTP and to present suggestions for improvements in the system in relation to design issues, dimensional and operational. During the search, the system proved to be very efficient especially in relation to Biochemistry Demand Oxygen (5 days) (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) filtered removals with average values of at least 91% and 85% respectively. It is also believed that the monitoring has contributed to an overall improvement of the system, because during its performance the Operating License (OL) of the CWWTP was obtained ECTE, which until then was being operated with an Operating License to Precarious Title (OLPT), which shows that decentralized treatments, such as CWWTPs are good alternatives for small cities and can meet the efficiency standards required by law since an operational monitoring and minimum maintenance are done for the proper functioning of the system.
This research was developed in a Compact Wastewater Treatment Plant (CWWTP) composed of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor followed by Submerged Aerated Biofilter (BAF), located in the municipality of Uru-SP and was conducted in partnership with Sabesp. The CWWTPs can be a great alternative to the implementation of a decentralized system that can serve small communities, however, such systems are still little used for municipal treatment of sewage and there is little experience regarding its operation, so this search aimed to evaluate the efficiency of such a system and perform its operational monitoring, and through the results provide guidelines for its best operation, providing a final effluent of better quality. This monitoring was carried out through physical-chemical analyzes during 16 weeks and weekly collections were made of each stage of the treatment and monthly collections of UASB reactor sludge profile. Through this monitoring it was possible to estimate guidelines for volume and intervals of sludge disposal since there was a history of issues regarding Sedimentable Solids (SS) in the CWWTP and to present suggestions for improvements in the system in relation to design issues, dimensional and operational. During the search, the system proved to be very efficient especially in relation to Biochemistry Demand Oxygen (5 days) (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) filtered removals with average values of at least 91% and 85% respectively. It is also believed that the monitoring has contributed to an overall improvement of the system, because during its performance the Operating License (OL) of the CWWTP was obtained ECTE, which until then was being operated with an Operating License to Precarious Title (OLPT), which shows that decentralized treatments, such as CWWTPs are good alternatives for small cities and can meet the efficiency standards required by law since an operational monitoring and minimum maintenance are done for the proper functioning of the system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
ECTE, BAS, CWWTP, UASB reactor, BAF, Avaliação da eficiência, Acompanhamento operacional, Evaluation of efficiency, Operational monitoring, Reator UASB