A trajetória literária e a relação com a intelectualidade em José María Arguedas (1934-1969)
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Data
2016-08-09
Autores
Vaz Junior, Carlos Manoel Passos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A obra literária de José María Arguedas nasce no contexto do indigenismo literário peruano. O indigenismo foi um traço marcante de todo um movimento cultural inspirado na preocupação com a posição dos indígenas na sociedade e na criação de uma legítima identidade latino-americana no século XX. No Peru destacam-se inúmeros movimentos e manifestos baseados no indigenismo, seja na literatura, nas artes plásticas e mesmo na fotografia. No cenário político a obra de José Carlos Mariategui é um pilar estrutural, principalmente por sua relação com as questões que incutem no indigenismo. Conduzida por esta conjuntura efervescente, a obra literária de José María Arguedas emerge – assim como a de outros escritores, como Ciro Alegría – na busca por modificar o viés contemplativo que pairava sob uma cultura indígena assaz afastada de seu sentido original, passando assim a um viés contestatório e engajado. A trajetória de Arguedas é peculiar neste ínterim, já que boa parte de sua produção procede em Lima e se remete aos Andes, caracterizando o desenraizamento de um intelectual criado até praticamente a adolescência sob a balizas do idioma quéchua. Além disso, ao focar sua narrativa na valorização da tradição indígena, como ferramenta de resistência às práticas modernizadoras, ressignifica essa relação com a modernidade. Mirando, em certos momentos, a inserção da cultura quéchua no patamar moderno, já em outros, em uma tentativa de frear a ocidentalização andina. Esta biculturalidade, ligada a um ideário que abarca certo tipo intelectual de sua época, somados a uma ideia da escrita literária por vocação – con sangré, como gostava de afirmar – são os alicerces deste trabalho para compreender a relação da obra deste autor com a leitura histórica da sociedade.
The literary work of José María Arguedas was born in the context of the Peruvian literary indigenismo. The indigenous movement was a striking feature of an entire cultural movement inspired by concern for the position of indigenous on society and the creation of a legitimate Latin American identity in the twentieth century. In Peru stand out countless movements and manifestos based on indigenous movement, whether in literature, the visual arts and even in photography. In the political scene, the work of José Carlos Mariategui is a structural pillar, mainly by its relation to the issues that instil in indigenismo. Led by this effervescent context, the literary work of José María Arguedas emerges - as well as from other writers as Ciro Alegría – seeking to modify the contemplative bias that hung in a rather remote indigenous culture of its original meaning, thus passing a contestatory and engaged bias. The Arguedas trajectory is peculiar in the meantime, since much of its production proceeds in Lima and refers to the Andes, featuring the uprooting of an intellective set up almost until adolescence under the beacons of the Quechua language. Moreover, by focusing his story on the value of indigenous tradition, as a resistance tool for modernizing practices, reframes the relationship with modernity. Aiming, at times, the insertion of the Quechua culture in the modern level, as in others, in an attempt to stop the Andean Westernization. This biculturality connected to an ideology that embraces certain intellectual type of its time, together with an idea of literary writing by vocation - con sangré, as he liked to say - are the foundations of this work to understand the relationship of this author's work with historical reading of the society.
The literary work of José María Arguedas was born in the context of the Peruvian literary indigenismo. The indigenous movement was a striking feature of an entire cultural movement inspired by concern for the position of indigenous on society and the creation of a legitimate Latin American identity in the twentieth century. In Peru stand out countless movements and manifestos based on indigenous movement, whether in literature, the visual arts and even in photography. In the political scene, the work of José Carlos Mariategui is a structural pillar, mainly by its relation to the issues that instil in indigenismo. Led by this effervescent context, the literary work of José María Arguedas emerges - as well as from other writers as Ciro Alegría – seeking to modify the contemplative bias that hung in a rather remote indigenous culture of its original meaning, thus passing a contestatory and engaged bias. The Arguedas trajectory is peculiar in the meantime, since much of its production proceeds in Lima and refers to the Andes, featuring the uprooting of an intellective set up almost until adolescence under the beacons of the Quechua language. Moreover, by focusing his story on the value of indigenous tradition, as a resistance tool for modernizing practices, reframes the relationship with modernity. Aiming, at times, the insertion of the Quechua culture in the modern level, as in others, in an attempt to stop the Andean Westernization. This biculturality connected to an ideology that embraces certain intellectual type of its time, together with an idea of literary writing by vocation - con sangré, as he liked to say - are the foundations of this work to understand the relationship of this author's work with historical reading of the society.
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Palavras-chave
José Maria Arguedas, Modernidade e Tradição, História Intelectual, Literatura, Indigenismo, Modernity and Tradition, Intellectual History, Literature, Indigenismo