Fatores de risco para problemas respiratórios e musculoesqueléticos: o papel do tabagismo passivo e dor lombar
Data
2016-05-25
Autores
Brígida, Gabriel Faustino Santa [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Estima-se que um terço da população mundial inale involuntariamente a fumaça do cigarro, o que pode causar efeitos adversos como alteração dos sinais vitais, redução da função pulmonar e aumentar o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças respiratórias crônicas como a asma. Durante a exacerbação da asma, ocorre aumento da atividade dos músculos respiratórios acessórios e abdominais, o que pode resultar em adaptações musculares e desestabilização da coluna vertebral com consequente relato de dor lombar. Objetivos: O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do tabagismo passivo na função pulmonar e sinais vitais e correlacionar com fatores de exposição, bem como verificar os benefícios da cessação da exposição à fumaça do cigarro; já o segundo, foi investigar a associação entre dor lombar e asma em uma grande amostra de gêmeos. Métodos: Para o primeiro estudo, 42 indivíduos foram avaliados (19 no grupo exposto e 23 no grupo controle) em relação à função pulmonar, sinais vitais e histórico de exposição à fumaça do cigarro antes e após 8 semanas a cessação da exposição. Já para o segundo estudo, a amostra foi composta de 4.808 gêmeos adultos provenientes do registro de gêmeos da Austrália e de Murcia. Todos os gêmeos responderam a perguntas sobre prevalência de dor lombar, asma e histórico tabagístico. Resultados e Conclusões: O primeiro estudo evidenciou que a CVF de tabagistas passivos está reduzida em comparação a de indivíduos que nunca fumaram se encontra. Contudo, os valores da CVF apresentados pelos tabagistas passivos deste estudo estão dentro da normalidade. A redução da CVF está diretamente correlacionada com a quantidade de horas por dia de exposição; e que tabagistas passivos não apresentaram alteração dos índices espirométricos e sinais vitais após oito semanas da cessação da exposição à fumaça do cigarro. O segundo estudo evidenciou que a dor lombar está associada com a asma na amostra combinada de gêmeos (incluindo gêmeos australianos e espanhóis) e na amostra de gêmeos australianos, mesmo depois do ajuste para fatores de confusão como idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal e tabagismo. Contudo, fatores genéticos e ambientais mostraram atenuar a força dessa associação quando são controlados. Adicionalmente, a prevalência da doença e exposições geográficas específicas devem ser levadas em consideração, uma vez que esses fatores também podem influenciar esta associação.
Introduction: It is estimated that one third of the world population involuntarily inhale cigarette smoke, which can cause adverse effects such as changes in vital signs, reduced lung function and increase the risk of developing chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. During exacerbation of asthma, there is increased activity of respiratory accessories and abdominal muscles, which can result in muscle adaptations and destabilization of the spine, with consequent reporting back pain. Aims: The aim of the first study was to evaluate the effects of passive smoking on lung function and vital signs and correlate with exposure factors and verify the benefits of cessation of exposure to cigarette smoke; the aim of the second was to investigate the association between low back pain and asthma in a large sample of twins. Methods: For the first study, 42 subjects were assessed (19 in the exposed group and 23 in the control group) in relation to pulmonary function, vital signs and history of exposure to cigarette smoke before and after 8 weeks of the end of exposure. For the second study, the sample consisted of 4,808 adult twins from the record of twins from Australia and Murcia. All twins answered questions about the prevalence of low back pain, asthma, and Smoking status history. Results and Conclusions: The first study showed that FVC passive smokers is reduced compared to individuals who have never smoked is. However, the FVC values presented by passive smokers in this study are within normal limits. The reduction in FVC is directly correlated with the amount of hours per day of exposure; and passive smokers showed no change in spirometric indices and vital signs after eight weeks of the end of exposure to cigarette smoke. The second study showed that low back pain is associated with asthma in the combined sample of twins (including australian and spanish twins) and the sample of australian twins, even after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index and smoking. However, genetic and environmental factors showed attenuate the strength of this association when controlled. Additionally, the prevalence of the disease and specific geographical exposures should be taken into account, since these factors can also influence this association.
Introduction: It is estimated that one third of the world population involuntarily inhale cigarette smoke, which can cause adverse effects such as changes in vital signs, reduced lung function and increase the risk of developing chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. During exacerbation of asthma, there is increased activity of respiratory accessories and abdominal muscles, which can result in muscle adaptations and destabilization of the spine, with consequent reporting back pain. Aims: The aim of the first study was to evaluate the effects of passive smoking on lung function and vital signs and correlate with exposure factors and verify the benefits of cessation of exposure to cigarette smoke; the aim of the second was to investigate the association between low back pain and asthma in a large sample of twins. Methods: For the first study, 42 subjects were assessed (19 in the exposed group and 23 in the control group) in relation to pulmonary function, vital signs and history of exposure to cigarette smoke before and after 8 weeks of the end of exposure. For the second study, the sample consisted of 4,808 adult twins from the record of twins from Australia and Murcia. All twins answered questions about the prevalence of low back pain, asthma, and Smoking status history. Results and Conclusions: The first study showed that FVC passive smokers is reduced compared to individuals who have never smoked is. However, the FVC values presented by passive smokers in this study are within normal limits. The reduction in FVC is directly correlated with the amount of hours per day of exposure; and passive smokers showed no change in spirometric indices and vital signs after eight weeks of the end of exposure to cigarette smoke. The second study showed that low back pain is associated with asthma in the combined sample of twins (including australian and spanish twins) and the sample of australian twins, even after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index and smoking. However, genetic and environmental factors showed attenuate the strength of this association when controlled. Additionally, the prevalence of the disease and specific geographical exposures should be taken into account, since these factors can also influence this association.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tabagismo passivo, Testes de função pulmonar, Sinais vitais, Gêmeos, Asma, Dor lombar, Secondhand smoke, Lung function, Vital signs, Twin, Asthma, Low back pain