História e mudança: os juntores derivados de tanto e seus diferentes padrões de uso sob o olhar da gramaticalização
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Data
2016-08-19
Autores
Alves, Flavia Cambi [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O propósito deste trabalho é investigar, sob uma abordagem que une tanto a perspectiva sincrônica quanto a diacrônica, aspectos relativos à gramaticalização dos itens juntivos derivados de tanto, considerando que existe uma relação de precedência entre o item fonte e os demais itens derivados – entretanto, no entanto (que), portanto e contanto que. O corpus utilizado foi obtido a partir de um conjunto de gêneros textuais diversos – como cartas, diários, anúncios, notícias, peças teatrais, discursos etc. –, que mostraram diferentes esquemas de junção. Todos os textos são datados dos séculos XVIII e XIX, com produção predominante no estado de São Paulo e extraídos de duas grandes fontes: do corpus do PHPP (Projeto para a História do Português Paulista) e da Biblioteca Brasiliana (USP). Partindo de propostos funcionalistas que tratam de juntores, entendidos como itens que exprimem alguma relação de sentido, além de ligar sintaticamente orações ou porções textuais maiores (TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2002; HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 2003; BLÜHDORN, 2006; NEVES, 2011), analisamos a transição categorial e a abstratização de significado sofridas por cada um dos juntores em questão. Para avaliação de aspectos formais, utilizamos uma série de parâmetros que permitiram averiguar uma maior/menor prototipicidade dos diferentes juntores; quanto à relação de sentido expressa, nos apoiamos no mapeamento da derivação semântica (KORMTANN, 1997) para descrever os diferentes padrões funcionais de cada juntor e, sobretudo, para identificar os diferentes tipos de contextos que condicionaram a emergência de novas relações de sentido, semânticas e pragmáticas. Por meio da análise das ocorrências, pudemos constatar que entretanto, no entanto, portanto e contanto que percorreram a trajetória juntor [- prototípico] > juntor [+ prototípico], permeando mudanças semânticas condicionadas por relações polissêmicas do tipo TEMPO > CONTRASTE; CAUSA > CONCLUSÃO; CONTRASTE > CONDIÇÃO, respectivamente, corroboradas pelos diferentes tipos de contexto em que tais juntores eram empregados.
The purpose of this study is to investigate, from an approach that unites both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, aspects related to the grammaticalization of junctive items derived from tanto, considering that there is a precedence relation between the source item and the other derived items - entretanto, no entanto (que), portanto e contanto que. The used corpus was obtained from a set of several textual genres – such as letters, diaries, advertisements, news, theater plays, speeches etc. –, which showed different junction schemes. All texts are dated to the XVIII and XIX centuries, with predominant production in the state of São Paulo and extracted from two great sources: the corpus from PHPP (History of the Paulista Portuguese Project) and from the Brasiliana Library (USP). Starting from functionalist proposals that adress junctives, which are understood as items that express a certain relation of meaning, besides syntactically linking sentences or larger textual portions (TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2002; HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 2003; BLÜHDORN, 2006; NEVES, 2011), categorical transition and the process of making meaning abstract that were suffered by each one of the junctives in question were analyzed. For the evaluation of formal aspects, a series of parameters which allowed to ascertain a higher/lower prototypicality of the different junctives were utilized; as for the relation of meaning expressed, the study relied on the mapping of semantic derivation (KORMTANN, 1997) to describe the different functional patterns of each junctive and, specially, to identify the different types of contexts that influenced the emergence of new semantic and pragmatic relations of meaning. Through the analysis of the occurrences, it was stated that entretanto, no entanto, portanto and contanto que went through the following path: junctive [- prototypical] > junctive [+ prototypical], permeating semantic changes conditioned by polysemic relations of the following type: TIME > CONTRAST; CAUSE > CONCLUSION; CONTRAST > CONDITION, respectively, supported by the different types of context in which said junctives were employed.
The purpose of this study is to investigate, from an approach that unites both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, aspects related to the grammaticalization of junctive items derived from tanto, considering that there is a precedence relation between the source item and the other derived items - entretanto, no entanto (que), portanto e contanto que. The used corpus was obtained from a set of several textual genres – such as letters, diaries, advertisements, news, theater plays, speeches etc. –, which showed different junction schemes. All texts are dated to the XVIII and XIX centuries, with predominant production in the state of São Paulo and extracted from two great sources: the corpus from PHPP (History of the Paulista Portuguese Project) and from the Brasiliana Library (USP). Starting from functionalist proposals that adress junctives, which are understood as items that express a certain relation of meaning, besides syntactically linking sentences or larger textual portions (TRAUGOTT; DASHER, 2002; HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 2003; BLÜHDORN, 2006; NEVES, 2011), categorical transition and the process of making meaning abstract that were suffered by each one of the junctives in question were analyzed. For the evaluation of formal aspects, a series of parameters which allowed to ascertain a higher/lower prototypicality of the different junctives were utilized; as for the relation of meaning expressed, the study relied on the mapping of semantic derivation (KORMTANN, 1997) to describe the different functional patterns of each junctive and, specially, to identify the different types of contexts that influenced the emergence of new semantic and pragmatic relations of meaning. Through the analysis of the occurrences, it was stated that entretanto, no entanto, portanto and contanto que went through the following path: junctive [- prototypical] > junctive [+ prototypical], permeating semantic changes conditioned by polysemic relations of the following type: TIME > CONTRAST; CAUSE > CONCLUSION; CONTRAST > CONDITION, respectively, supported by the different types of context in which said junctives were employed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gramaticalização, Juntores, Mudança semântica, Grammaticalization, Junctives, Semantic change