Geoprocessamento aplicado ao zoneamento agrícola para cana-de-açúcar irrigada do estado do Piauí
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Data
2016-02-19
Autores
Silva, Clescy Oliveira da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho teve como objetivo principal espacializar parâmetros edafoclimáticos da cana-de-açúcar e suas respectivas lâminas brutas de irrigação. O zoneamento agrícola da cana-de-açúcar irrigada foi elaborado seguindo quatro etapas. A primeira etapa foi a confecção do mapa temático de temperatura média do ar, indicando os locais com aptidão térmica (Tm > 21°C) para todo o Estado do Piauí. A segunda etapa foi a elaboração do mapa de declividade indicando as áreas aptas declividade abaixo de 12%, para fins de mecanização, utilizando mosaicos de imagens SRTM. A terceira foi a elaboração de mapas de lâminas brutas de irrigação para todo o ciclo da cana-de-açúcar com base no balanço hídrico da cultura, utilizando uma série histórica de 15 anos, com dados diários de precipitação, de 87 locais de postos pluviométricos, disponibilizado pelo INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) e a SUDENE (Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste), localizados no Piauí e em Estados vizinhos. Foram estabelecidas 12 meses de plantio (janeiro a dezembro), para cada CAD analisada (75 mm, 100 mm e 125 mm), totalizando 36 mapas de lâminas bruta de irrigação. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) diária foi estimada pelo método de Thornthwaite (1948), para todos os 87 locais dos postos pluviométricos. De posse dos dados do balanço hídrico da cultura, os valores de lâminas brutas foram calculados levando em consideração o sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Como resultado, se obteve mapas com percentuais de área do Estado e seus respectivos intervalo de classes de lâmina de irrigação. O balanço hídrico da cultura foi processado por meio da ferramenta “Macros” do Excel 2013, em planilhas eletrônicas. A análise estatística realizada no balanço hídrico da cultura, seguiu o método de Monte Carlo. A quarta etapa foi o cruzamento dos mapas de aptidão térmica, aptidão para mecanização e lâminas brutas de irrigação, resultando no zoneamento de agrícola para cana-de-açúcar irrigada. O programa de SIG utilizado para a confecção de todos os mapas contidos nesse trabalho foi o Quantum Gis® 2.8.2. O Estado do Piauí não possui restrições térmicas para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. O Piauí tem extensas áreas potencialmente aptas a mecanização agrícola. Os melhores meses de plantio com o menor consumo de lâmina bruta de irrigação, em geral, foram observados no período seco da região. O zoneamento agrícola da cultura da cana-de-açúcar irrigada indicou áreas aptas e inaptas para fins de mecanização agrícola, e os meses de plantio em que há um consumo de lâmina bruta para irrigação por gotejamento.
The work aimed to spatialise edaphoclimatic parameters of sugarcane and their gross irrigation levels. The agricultural zoning for sugarcane irrigation was developed following four steps. The first step was the preparation of thematic map of average air temperature, indicating the locations with thermal fitness (Tm> 21 ° C) throughout the state of Piauí. The second step was the preparation of the slope map indicating areas suitable slope below 12% for mechanization purposes, using SRTM images mosaics. The third was the development of gross irrigation depth maps for the entire cycle of sugarcane based on the water balance of the culture, using a historical series of 15 years, with daily rainfall data from 87 local rain gauge stations , provided by INMET (National Meteorological Institute) and SUDENE, located in Piaui and neighboring states. 12 months plantations were established (January to December), for each CAD analyzed (75 mm, 100 mm and 125 mm), totaling 36 maps of gross irrigation levels. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) daily was estimated by Thornthwaite method (1948) for all 87 locations of rainfall stations. Having the data of the water balance of culture, the values of gross blades were calculated taking into account the drip irrigation system. As a result, if obtained maps of the area percentages of the state and their range of water depth classes. The water balance of the crop was processed through the tool "Macros" Excel 2013 for spreadsheets. Statistical analysis in the water balance of culture, followed the Monte Carlo method. The fourth step was the crossing of thermal maps fitness, fitness for mechanization and gross irrigation levels, resulting in agricultural zoning for sugarcane irrigated. The GIS software used for making all the maps contained in this work is the Quantum Gis® 2.8.2. The state of Piauí does not have thermal constraints for the cultivation of sugarcane. Piauí has extensive potentially suitable areas to agricultural mechanization. The best months for planting with the lowest consumption of raw water depth generally were observed in the dry season in the region. The agricultural zoning of sugarcane irrigated indicated areas suitable and unsuitable for the purpose of agricultural mechanization, and the months of planting that there is a consumption of raw blade to drip irrigation.
The work aimed to spatialise edaphoclimatic parameters of sugarcane and their gross irrigation levels. The agricultural zoning for sugarcane irrigation was developed following four steps. The first step was the preparation of thematic map of average air temperature, indicating the locations with thermal fitness (Tm> 21 ° C) throughout the state of Piauí. The second step was the preparation of the slope map indicating areas suitable slope below 12% for mechanization purposes, using SRTM images mosaics. The third was the development of gross irrigation depth maps for the entire cycle of sugarcane based on the water balance of the culture, using a historical series of 15 years, with daily rainfall data from 87 local rain gauge stations , provided by INMET (National Meteorological Institute) and SUDENE, located in Piaui and neighboring states. 12 months plantations were established (January to December), for each CAD analyzed (75 mm, 100 mm and 125 mm), totaling 36 maps of gross irrigation levels. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) daily was estimated by Thornthwaite method (1948) for all 87 locations of rainfall stations. Having the data of the water balance of culture, the values of gross blades were calculated taking into account the drip irrigation system. As a result, if obtained maps of the area percentages of the state and their range of water depth classes. The water balance of the crop was processed through the tool "Macros" Excel 2013 for spreadsheets. Statistical analysis in the water balance of culture, followed the Monte Carlo method. The fourth step was the crossing of thermal maps fitness, fitness for mechanization and gross irrigation levels, resulting in agricultural zoning for sugarcane irrigated. The GIS software used for making all the maps contained in this work is the Quantum Gis® 2.8.2. The state of Piauí does not have thermal constraints for the cultivation of sugarcane. Piauí has extensive potentially suitable areas to agricultural mechanization. The best months for planting with the lowest consumption of raw water depth generally were observed in the dry season in the region. The agricultural zoning of sugarcane irrigated indicated areas suitable and unsuitable for the purpose of agricultural mechanization, and the months of planting that there is a consumption of raw blade to drip irrigation.
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Palavras-chave
Balanço hídrico da cultura, Temperatura média do ar, Lâmina bruta de irrigação, SIG, Culture water balance, Average air temperature, Gross irrigation depth, GIS