Cultivo de milho consorciado com capim-piatã em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta
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Data
2016-07-25
Autores
Coletti, Admar Junior [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A necessidade de diversificação de produtos e a busca por sistemas de produção agropecuários sustentáveis são as principais justificativas para a integração entre agricultura, pecuária e silvicultura. Desta forma, objetivou-se verificar em dois experimentos com espaçamento entrelinhas (0,45 e 0,90 m) da cultura do milho, dentro de um sistema de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta: 1) os efeitos das condições de luminosidade nas características agronômicas da cultura do milho; 2) os efeitos das densidades de semeadura do capim-piatã no desenvolvimento da cultura do milho; 3) os efeitos das condições de luminosidade, do consórcio e das densidades de semeadura na produtividade do capim-piatã. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, localizada em Sinop/MT (11°51’43” S, 55°35’27” W e altitude de 384 m), com solo do tipo Latossolo Vermelhoamarelo, em uma base experimental de sistemas integrados constituído por eucalipto, milho e capim-piatã. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com duas condições de luminosidade (pleno sol e sombreado) nas parcelas e quatro densidades de semeadura do capim-piatã (0, 2, 4 e 6 kg ha-1 de sementes puras e viáveis) nas subparcelas. Foram mensurados os teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes do milho, algumas características agronômicas do milho e a produção de massa seca do milho e da parte aérea do capim-piatã. A condição sombreada afetou o diâmetro de colmo, o comprimento e diâmetro de espigas, o número de grãos por espiga, a massa de cem grãos e a massa seca das plantas de milho, comprometendo a produtividade de grãos da cultura, em ambos os experimentos avaliados. A produtividade de grãos obtida nas plantas de pleno sol foi superior às plantas sombreadas em 74,5 e 130,0%, respectivamente, para os experimentos com espaçamento 0,45 e 0,90 m. Também desta forma, verificou-se acréscimo na produção de massa seca do capim-piatã na colheita do milho de 52,9 e 63,5%, respectivamente, para o espaçamento 0,45 e 0,90 m, nas plantas de pleno sol. As densidades de semeadura do capim-piatã não influenciaram a produtividade de grãos da cultura do milho, em consórcio, entretanto reduziu de forma intensa a massa seca das plantas de milho. A densidade de semeadura de 6 kg ha-1 de sementes puras e viáveis de capim-piatã produziram as maiores quantidades de massa seca no momento da colheita do milho, nos experimentos testados.
The need for product diversification and the search for sustainable agricultural production systems are the main reasons for the integration of agriculture, livestock and forestry. Thus, this study aimed to verify in two experiments with maize crop row spacing (0.45 and 0.90 m), within a system of Crop-Livestock-Forest integration: 1) the effects of luminosity conditions on the agronomic characteristics of maize; 2) the effects of plant densities of grass piatã in the development of maize; 3) the effects of lighting conditions, the consortium and sowing densities in the productivity of grass piatã. The experiments were conducted at Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, located in Sinop, at Mato Grosso (11°51'43" S, 55°35'27" W and altitude of 384 m), with soil type Latosol Red-yellow, on experimental area integrated systems consisting of Eucalyptus, maize and piatã grass. The experimental design was randomized complete block, with four replications, in a split-plot arrangement with two luminosity conditions (full sun and shaded) allocated to the plots and four sowing densities of piatã grass (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg ha-1 of pure and viable seeds) to the subplots. Were measured the leaf content of macro and micronutrients maize, some agronomic characteristics of maize and dry matter production of maize and shoots of piatã grass. The shaded conditions affected the stem diameter, length and diameter of ears, number of grains per spike, mass hundredfold and the dry weight of maize plants, compromising the productivity of crop grain in both evaluated experiments. The grain yield obtained in full sun plants was higher than shaded plants in 74.5 and 130.0%, respectively, for experiments with 0.45 and 0.90 m spacing. Also in this manner, there was an increase in dry mass of the piatã grass maize harvest 52.9 and 63.5%, respectively, for spacing 0.45 m and 0.90 m, in plants full sun. The seeding density of the piatã grass not influence the productivity of maize grains in a consortium, however reduces intensely dry mass of maize plants. The seeding rate of 6 kg ha-1 of pure and viable seeds of piatã grass produced the highest amount of dry matter at harvest maize, in test experiments.
The need for product diversification and the search for sustainable agricultural production systems are the main reasons for the integration of agriculture, livestock and forestry. Thus, this study aimed to verify in two experiments with maize crop row spacing (0.45 and 0.90 m), within a system of Crop-Livestock-Forest integration: 1) the effects of luminosity conditions on the agronomic characteristics of maize; 2) the effects of plant densities of grass piatã in the development of maize; 3) the effects of lighting conditions, the consortium and sowing densities in the productivity of grass piatã. The experiments were conducted at Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, located in Sinop, at Mato Grosso (11°51'43" S, 55°35'27" W and altitude of 384 m), with soil type Latosol Red-yellow, on experimental area integrated systems consisting of Eucalyptus, maize and piatã grass. The experimental design was randomized complete block, with four replications, in a split-plot arrangement with two luminosity conditions (full sun and shaded) allocated to the plots and four sowing densities of piatã grass (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg ha-1 of pure and viable seeds) to the subplots. Were measured the leaf content of macro and micronutrients maize, some agronomic characteristics of maize and dry matter production of maize and shoots of piatã grass. The shaded conditions affected the stem diameter, length and diameter of ears, number of grains per spike, mass hundredfold and the dry weight of maize plants, compromising the productivity of crop grain in both evaluated experiments. The grain yield obtained in full sun plants was higher than shaded plants in 74.5 and 130.0%, respectively, for experiments with 0.45 and 0.90 m spacing. Also in this manner, there was an increase in dry mass of the piatã grass maize harvest 52.9 and 63.5%, respectively, for spacing 0.45 m and 0.90 m, in plants full sun. The seeding density of the piatã grass not influence the productivity of maize grains in a consortium, however reduces intensely dry mass of maize plants. The seeding rate of 6 kg ha-1 of pure and viable seeds of piatã grass produced the highest amount of dry matter at harvest maize, in test experiments.
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Palavras-chave
Zea mays, Urochloa brizantha, Eucalyptus, Consórcio, Sombreamento, Produtividade