Dessulfurização microbiana de carvão contendo enxofre pirítico em escala de bancada
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Data
2016-09-22
Autores
Pereira, Laize Fernanda [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O carvão é a mais importante fonte de energia não renovável de origem fóssil do planeta. Um dos maiores problemas em sua utilização como fonte energética se deve à presença de enxofre na forma orgânica e inorgânica (pirita FeS2). Durante a combustão do carvão, são lançados na atmosfera vários gases, entre eles o SO2 que causam problemas ambientais como a formação de chuva ácida além da corrosão de “boilers”, oleodutos subterrâneos, instalações metálicas e maquinários de minas. Há vários processos físicos e químicos para redução do enxofre antes da combustão do carvão, no entanto, tais métodos são dispendiosos, pois necessitam de condições extremas de temperatura e pressão. Os métodos biológicos de dessulfurização deste combustível fóssil têm demonstrado serem mais eficazes para tal fim. Neste contexto o presente trabalho utilizou bactérias oxidantes de ferro e/ou enxofre, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans e Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans a fim de obter uma redução no conteúdo de enxofre pirítico do carvão fornecido pela Carbonífera do Cambuí. Ensaios de biolixiviação em frascos sob agitação foram conduzidos em diferentes condições com a finalidade de acompanhar a cinética de dissolução do enxofre pirítico na amostra mineral. Na fase líquida a evolução dos seguintes parâmetros foi monitorada: pH, Eh e íons ferrosos. A fase sólida foi caracterizada posteriormente através de medidas de difração de raio-X (DRX) e espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR). A quantificação parcial do enxofre total foi avaliada utilizando Analisador Preiser Mineco de acordo com as normas ABNT NBR 8295 e suas formas (pirítica, sulfática e orgânica) foram analisadas por normas ASTM. Os ensaios utilizando tais microrganismos obtiveram redução de 44% no teor de enxofre total e de 90% no teor de enxofre pirítico. Como resultado das análises de raio-X observou-se a redução de picos característicos da pirita e o surgimento de uma nova fase cristalina durante o tratamento biológico. Os espectros de infravermelho indicaram que os microrganismos utilizados neste estudo foram capazes de interagir apenas com a fase inorgânica do carvão. Estes ensaios de bancada forneceram parâmetros para um posterior trabalho em escala de bancada utilizando colunas de biolixiviação.
Coal is the most important non-renewable energy source of fossil origin in the world. One of the major problem in using coal as an energy source is the presence of sulfur in the organic and inorganic form (pyritic FeS2). During combustion of coal, SO2 is released in the atmosphere, causing many environmental problems such as the formation of acid rain, beside this sulfur also causes the corrosion of boilers and installations of underground metal pipelines. There are several physical and chemical processes to reduce sulfur in the coal before combustion, however, such methods are very costly, with the use of extreme temperatures and pressures. The biological method for desulfurization of the fossil fuel has proved to be more effective for such purpose. In this context, the present work evaluated the use iron and/or sulfur oxidizing bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in order to obtain a maximum reduction in the pyritic sulfur content of the coal supplied by the Carbonífera Cambuí. For this purpose, the bioleaching tests were performed in shake flasks and conducted under different conditions in order to follow the pyritic sulfur kinetics of dissolution of the mineral sample. In the liquid phase, the following parameters such as pH, Eh and ferrous ions were monitored. The solid phase was characterized subsequently by means of measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The partial quantification of total sulfur was evaluated using Preiser Mineco analyzer according to ABNT NBR 8295 standards and other forms such as pyritic, sulfatic and organic were analyzed by ASTM. The tests using such microorganisms obtained 44% reduction in total sulfur and 90% pyritic sulfur. The result of ray-X analyzes showed the reduction of characteristic peaks of pyrite and the emergence of a new crystalline phase during biological treatment. Infrared spectra indicated that the microorganisms used in this study were able to interact only with the inorganic phase coal. These bench tests provided parameters for further laboratory scale using bioleaching column.
Coal is the most important non-renewable energy source of fossil origin in the world. One of the major problem in using coal as an energy source is the presence of sulfur in the organic and inorganic form (pyritic FeS2). During combustion of coal, SO2 is released in the atmosphere, causing many environmental problems such as the formation of acid rain, beside this sulfur also causes the corrosion of boilers and installations of underground metal pipelines. There are several physical and chemical processes to reduce sulfur in the coal before combustion, however, such methods are very costly, with the use of extreme temperatures and pressures. The biological method for desulfurization of the fossil fuel has proved to be more effective for such purpose. In this context, the present work evaluated the use iron and/or sulfur oxidizing bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in order to obtain a maximum reduction in the pyritic sulfur content of the coal supplied by the Carbonífera Cambuí. For this purpose, the bioleaching tests were performed in shake flasks and conducted under different conditions in order to follow the pyritic sulfur kinetics of dissolution of the mineral sample. In the liquid phase, the following parameters such as pH, Eh and ferrous ions were monitored. The solid phase was characterized subsequently by means of measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The partial quantification of total sulfur was evaluated using Preiser Mineco analyzer according to ABNT NBR 8295 standards and other forms such as pyritic, sulfatic and organic were analyzed by ASTM. The tests using such microorganisms obtained 44% reduction in total sulfur and 90% pyritic sulfur. The result of ray-X analyzes showed the reduction of characteristic peaks of pyrite and the emergence of a new crystalline phase during biological treatment. Infrared spectra indicated that the microorganisms used in this study were able to interact only with the inorganic phase coal. These bench tests provided parameters for further laboratory scale using bioleaching column.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biolixiviação, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Carvão, Pirita, Bioleaching, Coal, Pyrite