O papel do crédito no consumo da habitação em cidades médias: os efeitos do cartão Construcard
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2016-09-06
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A ampliação do crédito no Brasil na primeira década dos anos 2000, com destaque para o uso do cartão de crédito, foi crucial para o aumento do consumo. Esta forma de acesso chegou ao setor imobiliário viabilizado por instituições financeiras como é o caso da Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF), principal financiadora imobiliária do país. A ampliação do crédito habitacional, por iniciativa das políticas governamentais se desdobra na atuação da CEF, à qual disponibiliza cartões de débito com crédito aprovado como o cartão Construcard. Neste contexto, nos propomos a analisar de que maneira a expansão do crédito imobiliário e habitacional vem influenciando o que tomamos como hipótese desta pesquisa que é a “creditização do morar”, que só faz sentido se a compreendermos como um desdobramento de um processo mais amplo, o da financeirização da produção imobiliária e habitacional. Como forma de entender o sistema no qual se articula e os efeitos na espacialização da relação consumo e crédito no que se refere ao morar, buscamos entender as cidades de Marília e Presidente Prudente no estado de São Paulo, nas quais o consumo da habitação é associado a produtos, atividades e ramos que a envolvem. Assim, propomos verificar os desdobramentos da expansão do crédito habitacional nestas cidades a partir do uso e da concessão desta modalidade de consumo no espaço urbano – o Construcard. Com esta pesquisa, buscou-se, portanto, estabelecer a relação de complementaridade e de distinção entre o que reconhecemos como dois processos: de um lado a financeirização, com uma arquitetura mais ampla e sofisticada, e de outro a creditização que se retroalimenta de um sistema articulado para que o consumo da habitação e tudo o que o envolve se expanda para diferentes segmentos sociais e que o crédito não seja somente uma modalidade de consumo, mas o próprio consumo.
The expansion of credit in Brazil, especially in the first decade of the 2000’s, highlighting the use of credit card, was crucial to the consumption increase. This way of access reached to real estate feasible by financial institutions such as Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF), the leading real estate financier of the country. The housing credit expansion, by governmental policies unfolds in the performance of the CEF, which offers debit cards with approved credit as the Construcard card. In this context, we propose to analyze in which manner the real estate and housing expansion credit has influenced what we take as a hypothesis of this research which is the "creditization of living", it only makes sense if understood as a deploymtn of a larger process, the financialization of the real estate and housing production. In order to understand the system in which articulates and effects on the spatial relation between consumption and credit in relation to housing, we seek to understand the cities of Marília and Presidente Prudente in São Paulo, in which the housing consumption is associated with products, activities and branches that surround it. Therefore, we propose to verify the consequences of the housing credit expansion in these cities from the use and the granting of this consumption mode in the urban space - the Construcard -. With this research, we sought to therefore establish a relation of complementarity and distinction between what we recognize as two processes: on one hand “financialization”, with a wider and more sophisticated architecture, and others to "creditization” that not only sustains first but it feeds back of an articulated system for the consumption of housing and everything that surrounds it to expand to different social segments and the credit is not only a consumption mode, but the consumption itself.
The expansion of credit in Brazil, especially in the first decade of the 2000’s, highlighting the use of credit card, was crucial to the consumption increase. This way of access reached to real estate feasible by financial institutions such as Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF), the leading real estate financier of the country. The housing credit expansion, by governmental policies unfolds in the performance of the CEF, which offers debit cards with approved credit as the Construcard card. In this context, we propose to analyze in which manner the real estate and housing expansion credit has influenced what we take as a hypothesis of this research which is the "creditization of living", it only makes sense if understood as a deploymtn of a larger process, the financialization of the real estate and housing production. In order to understand the system in which articulates and effects on the spatial relation between consumption and credit in relation to housing, we seek to understand the cities of Marília and Presidente Prudente in São Paulo, in which the housing consumption is associated with products, activities and branches that surround it. Therefore, we propose to verify the consequences of the housing credit expansion in these cities from the use and the granting of this consumption mode in the urban space - the Construcard -. With this research, we sought to therefore establish a relation of complementarity and distinction between what we recognize as two processes: on one hand “financialization”, with a wider and more sophisticated architecture, and others to "creditization” that not only sustains first but it feeds back of an articulated system for the consumption of housing and everything that surrounds it to expand to different social segments and the credit is not only a consumption mode, but the consumption itself.
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Crédito imobiliário e habitacional, Cidades Médias, Marília, Presidente Prudente