Estruturas flat foldable em bambu laminado colado baseadas em técnicas de dobra e corte do origami e do kirigami
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Data
2016-09-02
Autores
Yamada, Thaís Regina Ueno [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Além da busca constante por inovação, uma das principais funções do designer é projetar visando à sustentabilidade de seus produtos. Com a necessidade atual de produtos sustentáveis, o bambu se apresenta como uma alternativa de material ecologicamente eficiente. Entre as opções mais promissoras dos paineis de bambu para o design de novo produtos está o Bambu Laminado Colado (BLaC), um material de alta qualidade estética visual e características físico-mecânicas semelhantes às madeiras de média densidade. Como ele é pouco conhecido pelo mercado nacional e pouco explorado comercialmente, busca-se através dessa pesquisa uma nova estratégia para conferir diferentes funcionalidades a esse material, ampliando suas possibilidades de uso. A partir do final do século passado, cientistas se voltaram para as antigas técnicas tradicionais de dobrar e cortar papeis chamadas de origami e kirigami, e, na busca por inter-relações com a geometria e a matemática, e descobriram suas potencialidades no desenvolvimento de produtos inovadores nos campos da engenharia e da arquitetura, revolucionando a resolução de problemas concretos e atuais. Isso porque essas técnicas tradicionais podem ser adequadas na criação de estruturas em diversos materiais que se transformam de bidimensionais para tridimensionais através de "dobras", suprindo a necessidade de economia de espaço e flexibilidade de uso. Assim, esta pesquisa busca combinar o uso do BLaC com as técnicas de corte e de dobra do origami e do kirigami, no desenvolvimento de estruturas articuladas denominadas flat foldable, ou seja, que são capazes de se achatarem por completo durante o movimento de abertura ou fechamento, organizando um processo de construção para validar estratégias de aplicação e determinando suas possibilidades e seus limites. Assim, primeiramente foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o bambu e o Bambu Laminado Colado, especialmente em relação às suas características gerais, técnicas de produção e usos no design de produto. Posteriormente, conheceu-se a trajetória que o origami e o kirigami percorreram, desde suas primeiras manifestações até sua contribuição na matemática e na engenharia. Em seguida, estabeleceu-se os elementos essenciais e os princípios básicos de todo modelo de origami e kirigami, a fim de organizar uma sintaxe de sua linguagem e conhecer as características específicas que atribuem a qualidade flat foldable aos seus modelos. Técnicas de dobra e de corte básicas do origami e do kirigami foram selecionadas para a análise de seu emprego em projetos de produtos a fim de conhecer as mais utilizadas e as que ainda não foram pesquisadas. Dessas últimas, cinco foram selecionadas para a montagem de estruturas flat foldable com BLaC. Para iniciar, foram empregados modelos físicos em papel e virtuais com o auxílio do programa SolidWorks, que possibilitaram essa transposição. Durante o processo de usinagem das placas de BLaC e montagem dos modelos físicos, foi avaliada a aplicabilidade dessa estratégia na construção de estruturas articuladas, buscando-se, ao final de todos os experimentos, validar suas possibilidades e seus limites.
Beyond the constant research for innovation by designers, one of the main functions is to design focused in sustainability of their products. With the reduction of wood supply and the current need for sustainable products, bamboo appears as an alternative eco-efficient material. Among the most promising options for bamboo panels for new product design is the Glued Laminated Bamboo (GLB), a high-quality material with excellent visual aesthetics, physical and mechanical characteristics similar to medium density wood. As it is not well known by industry and not yet fully explored in national market, this works presents a research that seeks a new strategy to give different functionality to the material, increasing its possibilities of use. From the end of last century, scientists have turned their attention to the old traditional techniques of folding and cutting called as origami and kirigami, and discovered their interrelations with geometry and mathematics and their potential in development of innovative products in engineering and architecture fields, revolutionizing the resolution of real and current problems. This is because these traditional technique may be appropriate in the creation of structures of different materials which become two-dimensional to three-dimensional through "folds", supplying the need for space economy and flexibility of use. Thus, this research seeks to combine the use of Glued Laminated Bamboo with folding and cutting techniques of origami and kirigami in development of articulated flat foldable structures, which are able to flatten completely during the opening or closing movement, organizing a design process to validate application strategies and determining its possibilities and its limits. So, first it will be presented a brief literature review on bamboo and GLB, especially with regard to its general characteristics, production techniques and uses in product design. Later, a brief literature review about origami and kirigami history from the very first examples to their recent contributions in mathematics and engineering, as well as its most basic folding techniques. Then it will be presented the principles and basics of all origami and kirigami model in order to organize a syntax of their language and to know the specific characteristics of flat foldable models. Folding and cutting techniques were selected for analysis of their use in product designs in order to meet the most used and those that have not yet been surveyed. From these, five techniques were selected for flat foldable design structures with GLB. To initiate, physical paper models were created in order to help modeling virtual examples using SolidWorks program, which enabled this transposition. During rapid prototyping process and woodworking of physical models in GLB, it was evaluated the applicability of this strategy in the construction of articulated structures, searching for validate its possibilities and its limits at the end of all experiments.
Beyond the constant research for innovation by designers, one of the main functions is to design focused in sustainability of their products. With the reduction of wood supply and the current need for sustainable products, bamboo appears as an alternative eco-efficient material. Among the most promising options for bamboo panels for new product design is the Glued Laminated Bamboo (GLB), a high-quality material with excellent visual aesthetics, physical and mechanical characteristics similar to medium density wood. As it is not well known by industry and not yet fully explored in national market, this works presents a research that seeks a new strategy to give different functionality to the material, increasing its possibilities of use. From the end of last century, scientists have turned their attention to the old traditional techniques of folding and cutting called as origami and kirigami, and discovered their interrelations with geometry and mathematics and their potential in development of innovative products in engineering and architecture fields, revolutionizing the resolution of real and current problems. This is because these traditional technique may be appropriate in the creation of structures of different materials which become two-dimensional to three-dimensional through "folds", supplying the need for space economy and flexibility of use. Thus, this research seeks to combine the use of Glued Laminated Bamboo with folding and cutting techniques of origami and kirigami in development of articulated flat foldable structures, which are able to flatten completely during the opening or closing movement, organizing a design process to validate application strategies and determining its possibilities and its limits. So, first it will be presented a brief literature review on bamboo and GLB, especially with regard to its general characteristics, production techniques and uses in product design. Later, a brief literature review about origami and kirigami history from the very first examples to their recent contributions in mathematics and engineering, as well as its most basic folding techniques. Then it will be presented the principles and basics of all origami and kirigami model in order to organize a syntax of their language and to know the specific characteristics of flat foldable models. Folding and cutting techniques were selected for analysis of their use in product designs in order to meet the most used and those that have not yet been surveyed. From these, five techniques were selected for flat foldable design structures with GLB. To initiate, physical paper models were created in order to help modeling virtual examples using SolidWorks program, which enabled this transposition. During rapid prototyping process and woodworking of physical models in GLB, it was evaluated the applicability of this strategy in the construction of articulated structures, searching for validate its possibilities and its limits at the end of all experiments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Design, Técnicas de dobra, Técnicas de corte, Flat foldability, Folding techniques, Cutting techniques, Bambu laminado colado, Glued laminated bamboo