A pessoa idosa na atual configuração do mundo do trabalho: um estudo realizado no município de Franca/SP
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Data
2016-09-06
Autores
Teixeira, Laís Vila Verde [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo trazer aspectos relevantes acerca da pessoa idosa em interface com o mundo do trabalho na contemporaneidade, questionando se o trabalho da pessoa idosa contribui para a renda familiar. O primeiro capítulo versou sobre a construção do modo de produção capitalista partindo da categoria trabalho e seus aspectos ontológicos abordando outras categorias inerentes como alienação, forças produtivas, produção e reprodução social. Para a compreensão do trabalho como categoria fundante do ser social na sociabilidade capitalista, perpassa-se pelo surgimento da Burguesia até sua atual configuração. Neste cenário, a pessoa idosa, na atual lógica de mercado, é sinônimo de mão-de-obra ativa disponível para força de trabalho. O segundo capítulo, traz elementos sobre as políticas para o segmento da população envelhecida e destaca-se duas políticas internacionais que são, o “Plano Internacional de Ação para o Envelhecimento” e a “Política de Saúde: uma política para o Envelhecimento Ativo”. Ambas apresentam as decisões dos organismos internacionais acerca do envelhecimento global e trazem medidas que podem fundamentar a elaboração de políticas públicas nos países, principalmente nos que estão em desenvolvimento. Discutindo a política em âmbito mundial, analisa-se a sua repercussão nas políticas sociais brasileiras a fim de dar visibilidade à problemática do envelhecimento no Brasil, colocando a família como parceira na construção de uma “sociedade para todas idades”. A fim de apresentar a repercussão das políticas internacionais no Brasil, levantou-se como marco histórico a “Política Nacional do Idoso” e o “Estatuto do Idoso”, para fomentar a discussão se as pessoas idosas estão tendo acesso aos seus direitos e sendo construtoras de sua cidadania. O terceiro capítulo traz elementos da realidade concreta por meio da pesquisa de campo, onde foi aplicado o roteiro de entrevista em duas instituições, que teve como universo de pesquisa, a cidade de Franca, no Centro de Convivência do Idoso “Avelina Maria de Jesus” e na Universidade Aberta a Terceira Idade. As pessoas idosas foram instigadas a refletir sobre o papel do trabalho em suas vidas e como a atividade laboral influencia em sua velhice e na sua família. A fim de dar concretude à pesquisa foi utilizado como método o materialismo histórico-dialético, e como a amostra foram entrevistados 6 sujeitos. A pesquisa buscou fundamentar, além da pesquisa de campo, em obras, dissertações e teses que tratam da temática do envelhecimento e do trabalho na sociedade capitalista. Os resultados mostram que o trabalho é mais do que fonte de rendimentos para a pessoa idosa e sua família, contrapondo a problemática inicial. É tratado como uma ocupação do tempo livre, onde identifica-se que o trabalho na velhice não é substituído por outra atividade a fim de desfrutarem de outras vivências fora desse contexto.
This research aimed to bring relevant aspects about the elder interface with the world of work in contemporary, questioning whether the work of the elder contributes to the family income. The first chapter expounded on the construction of the capitalist mode of production starting from the working class and its ontological aspects addressing other categories involved as alienation, productive forces, production and social reproduction. For the understanding of the work as the fundamental category of social being in capitalist sociability, permeates by the emergence of the Bourgeoisie to its current configuration. In this scenario, the elder, in the current market logic, is synonymous with hand labor available for active workforce. The second chapter provides details of the policies for the segment of the aging population and stands two international policies that are the "International Plan of Action on Ageing" and "Health policy: a policy for Active Ageing". Both have the decisions of international organizations on global aging and bring measures that can support the development of public policies in the countries, especially those who are under development. Discussing politics worldwide, analyzes the impact on the Brazilian social policies in order to give visibility to aging issues in Brazil, placing the family as a partner in building a "society for all ages". In order to present the impact of international policies in Brazil, rose as landmark the "National Policy for the Elderly" and the "Statute of the Elderly" to encourage discussion if older people are having access to their rights, and construction their citizenship. The third chapter brings elements of concrete reality through field research, where the interview script was applied in two institutions, which had the world of research, the city of Franca, in the Community Center for the Elderly "Avelina Maria de Jesus" and the Open University Senior Citizens. Older people were urged to reflect on the role of work in their lives and how labor activity influences in his old age and his family. In order to give concreteness to the survey it was used as a method historical and dialectical materialism, and how the sample were interviewed 6 subjects. The research sought to support, in addition to field research in works, dissertations and theses dealing with the aging issue and work in capitalist society. The results show that the work is more than a source of income for the elder and his family, comparing the initial problem. It is treated as an occupation of free time, which identifies that the work in old age is not replaced by another activity to enjoy other experiences outside this context.
This research aimed to bring relevant aspects about the elder interface with the world of work in contemporary, questioning whether the work of the elder contributes to the family income. The first chapter expounded on the construction of the capitalist mode of production starting from the working class and its ontological aspects addressing other categories involved as alienation, productive forces, production and social reproduction. For the understanding of the work as the fundamental category of social being in capitalist sociability, permeates by the emergence of the Bourgeoisie to its current configuration. In this scenario, the elder, in the current market logic, is synonymous with hand labor available for active workforce. The second chapter provides details of the policies for the segment of the aging population and stands two international policies that are the "International Plan of Action on Ageing" and "Health policy: a policy for Active Ageing". Both have the decisions of international organizations on global aging and bring measures that can support the development of public policies in the countries, especially those who are under development. Discussing politics worldwide, analyzes the impact on the Brazilian social policies in order to give visibility to aging issues in Brazil, placing the family as a partner in building a "society for all ages". In order to present the impact of international policies in Brazil, rose as landmark the "National Policy for the Elderly" and the "Statute of the Elderly" to encourage discussion if older people are having access to their rights, and construction their citizenship. The third chapter brings elements of concrete reality through field research, where the interview script was applied in two institutions, which had the world of research, the city of Franca, in the Community Center for the Elderly "Avelina Maria de Jesus" and the Open University Senior Citizens. Older people were urged to reflect on the role of work in their lives and how labor activity influences in his old age and his family. In order to give concreteness to the survey it was used as a method historical and dialectical materialism, and how the sample were interviewed 6 subjects. The research sought to support, in addition to field research in works, dissertations and theses dealing with the aging issue and work in capitalist society. The results show that the work is more than a source of income for the elder and his family, comparing the initial problem. It is treated as an occupation of free time, which identifies that the work in old age is not replaced by another activity to enjoy other experiences outside this context.
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Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento, Pessoa idosa, Trabalho, Aging, Ederly, Job