Otimização econômica do uso da água no perímetro irrigado tabuleiro de russas utilizando programação linear e não-linear
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2017-12-06
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na atividade irrigada, a água é o insumo de maior importância, sendo essencial sua otimização. Nos últimos anos, modernas técnicas de gestão de recursos hídricos vêm sendo difundidas e aplicadas à alocação desses recursos, que são escassos e competitivos. O uso dessas técnicas em áreas irrigadas pode permitir o aumento da eficiência econômica dos investimentos e favorecer sua alocação de maneira mais eficaz no dimensionamento e operação da infraestrutura hídrica regional existente. Os modelos de Programação Linear (PL) e Não-Linear (PNL) tem se destacado dado o potencial de resolução e aplicabilidade dos modelos projetados. O objetivo do presente trabalho constituiu-se em desenvolver modelos de PL e PNL que otimizem o dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação localizada, sob o enfoque da minimização do custo de implantação e operação do sistema de irrigação; e também modelos de PL e PNL para propor planos ótimos de cultivos, sob o enfoque da maximização da receita líquida das culturas irrigadas. Os modelos desenvolvidos foram aplicados no Perímetro de Irrigação Tabuleiro de Russas no Estado do Ceará, especificamente em áreas de agricultura familiar com 8,0 ha, indicando alternativas de culturas a serem implantadas e suas respectivas áreas, incorporando restrições de disponibilidade de área, água e mercado. Os valores otimizados dos custos de implantação e operação do Perímetro foram obtidos com o modelo de PL, com um custo de US$ 1.588,06 ha-1.ano-1 e a maximização da receita líquida anual foi obtida com o modelo de PNL, com um valor total de US$ 77.377,88, utilizando o seguinte padrão de cultivo: 4,0 ha de banana; 4,0 ha feijão verde Vigna 1 no primeiro semestre e 4,0 ha de feijão verde Vigna 2 no segundo semestre, para um volume mensal de irrigação de 20.534,40 m3.
In irrigated activity, water is the most important input, and its optimization is essential. In recent years, modern techniques of water resources management have been diffused and applied to the allocation of these resources, which are scarce and competitive. The use of these techniques in irrigated areas can increase the economic efficiency of investments and favor their allocation in a more efficient way in the design and operation of the existing regional water infrastructure. The Linear (PL) and Nonlinear Programming (NLP) models have been highlighted given the potential for resolution and applicability of the designed models. The objective of this work was to develop PL and NLP models that optimize the design of localized irrigation systems, under the focus of minimizing the cost of implantation and operation of the irrigation system; and also PL and NLP models to propose optimal crop plans under the maximization approach of net income from irrigated crops. The models developed were applied to the Table Irrigation Perimeter of Russas in the State of Ceará, specifically in areas of family farming with 8.0 ha, indicating alternatives of crops to be implanted and their respective areas, incorporating restrictions of availability of area, water and marketplace. The optimized values of Perimeter deployment and operation costs were obtained with the PL model, with a cost of US $ 1,588.06 ha-1.yr-1 and the maximization of annual net revenue was obtained with the NLP model of US$ 77,377.88, using the following crop standard: 4.0 ha of banana; 4.0 ha Vigna 1 green beans in the first semester and 4.0 ha Vigna 2 green beans in the second semester, applied with a monthly irrigation volume of 20,534.40 m3.
In irrigated activity, water is the most important input, and its optimization is essential. In recent years, modern techniques of water resources management have been diffused and applied to the allocation of these resources, which are scarce and competitive. The use of these techniques in irrigated areas can increase the economic efficiency of investments and favor their allocation in a more efficient way in the design and operation of the existing regional water infrastructure. The Linear (PL) and Nonlinear Programming (NLP) models have been highlighted given the potential for resolution and applicability of the designed models. The objective of this work was to develop PL and NLP models that optimize the design of localized irrigation systems, under the focus of minimizing the cost of implantation and operation of the irrigation system; and also PL and NLP models to propose optimal crop plans under the maximization approach of net income from irrigated crops. The models developed were applied to the Table Irrigation Perimeter of Russas in the State of Ceará, specifically in areas of family farming with 8.0 ha, indicating alternatives of crops to be implanted and their respective areas, incorporating restrictions of availability of area, water and marketplace. The optimized values of Perimeter deployment and operation costs were obtained with the PL model, with a cost of US $ 1,588.06 ha-1.yr-1 and the maximization of annual net revenue was obtained with the NLP model of US$ 77,377.88, using the following crop standard: 4.0 ha of banana; 4.0 ha Vigna 1 green beans in the first semester and 4.0 ha Vigna 2 green beans in the second semester, applied with a monthly irrigation volume of 20,534.40 m3.
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Irrigação localizada, Recursos hídricos, Receita líquida, Modelos matemáticos, Planejamento, Drip irrigation, Water resources, Net revenue, Mathematical modeling, Planning