Qualidade do plantio manual e mecanizado para eucalipto e pinus
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Data
2016-11-28
Autores
Sereghetti, Guilherme Corrêa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo avaliou a qualidade do plantio em dois sistemas diferentes, o mecanizado utilizando o equipamento Bracke Forest P11.a e o manual (convencional), além de apresentar uma visão econômica em relação à primeira experiência da utilização deste equipamento no Brasil. O experimento foi dividido em três etapas, sendo que em duas foram avaliadas a qualidade silvicultural e as variáveis dendrométricas (diâmetro do colo, diâmetro à altura do peito e altura da planta). Essas etapas ocorreram nas cidades de Bocaiúva, MG, onde se conduziu o experimento sob quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições, em que cada repetição era constituída por 60 mudas do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensis. A segunda etapa foi realizada em Telêmaco Borba, PR, onde se implantaram dois tratamentos com oito repetições, constituídos de 60 mudas de Pinus taeda e a última etapa, referente ao estudo econômico do plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis em dois espaçamentos 3 × 1 m e 3 × 1,5 m utilizando o conjunto plantador, ocorreu em Lençóis Paulista, SP. Para as análises de comparações entre os tratamentos da qualidade silvicultural e as variáveis dendrométricas foi utilizado o teste LSMeans, do procedimento Genmod, por meio do software estatístico SAS – Statistical Analysis System. Os custos das máquinas foram calculados de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida pela European COST Action, resultando em duas unidades: Euro por hora efetiva da máquina (€ h-1) e euro por muda (€ muda-1). As avaliações silviculturais da qualidade dos plantios evidenciaram que nas variáveis de substrato totalmente exposto e plantio inclinado não houve diferenças significativas nos sistemas de plantio mecanizado e manual de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus camaldulensis e para Pinus taeda as análises não apresentaram diferença estatística para as variáveis de substrato parcialmente exposto, substrato totalmente exposto e plantio inclinado para os dois sistemas de plantio. As variáveis dendrométricas de diâmetro à altura do peito e altura de plantas obtiveram maior desenvolvimento aos doze meses após o plantio, no sistema de plantio mecanizado de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus camaldulensi. Enquanto que para o plantio de Pinus taeda os maiores desenvolvimentos em diâmetro de colo das plantas foram observados no sistema manual aos doze meses após o plantio. A avaliação econômica teve como resultado que o maior espaçamento, 3 × 1,5 m, apresentou 11,9 % a mais no custo final em relação ao menor espaçamento de 3 × 1 m.
The study evaluated the quality of planting in two different systems, mechanized using the Bracke Forest P11.a device and manual (conventional), besides to present an economic vision for the first experience of using this device in Brazil. The experiment was divided into three stages, and two were evaluated silvicultural quality and dendrometric variables (stem diameter, diameter at breast height and plant height). These stages occurred in the cities of Bocaiúva, MG, where the experiment was conducted under four treatments with five repetitions, in each repetition consisted of 60 seedlings of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensis. The second stage was executed in Telemaco Borba - PR where implanted two treatments with eight replications, made up of 60 seedlings of Pinus taeda and the last stage, referring to the economic study of the planting of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus grandis in two spacings 3 × 1 m 3 × 1.5 m using the planter group, occurred in Lençóis Paulista - SP. For the analysis of comparisons between treatments silvicultural quality and dendrometric variables was used LSMeans test, the Genmod procedure, using the statistical software SAS - Statistical Analysis System. The operation costs were calculated according to the methodology developed by the European COST Action, resulting in two units: Euro per hour effective machine (€ h-1) and euro for seedlings (€ seedlings-1). The evaluations of the silvicultural quality of the plantings resulted that the variables fully exposed substrate and the inclined planting there were no significant differences in the mechanized and manual planting systems of the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensis and the Pinus taeda analyzes showed no statistical difference in the variables of partially exposed substrate, fully exposed substrate and planting inclined to the two planting systems. The dendrometric variables of the diameter at breast height and plant height had higher development at the twelve months after planting in the mechanized planting system of the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensi. While for the Pinus taeda planting the higher developments in the stems diameters of the plants were observed in the manual planting system at the twelve months after planting. The economic evaluation had as resulted that in the wider spacing, 3 × 1.5 m, showed 11.9% more in the final cost in relation to the narrower spacing of 3 × 1 m.
The study evaluated the quality of planting in two different systems, mechanized using the Bracke Forest P11.a device and manual (conventional), besides to present an economic vision for the first experience of using this device in Brazil. The experiment was divided into three stages, and two were evaluated silvicultural quality and dendrometric variables (stem diameter, diameter at breast height and plant height). These stages occurred in the cities of Bocaiúva, MG, where the experiment was conducted under four treatments with five repetitions, in each repetition consisted of 60 seedlings of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensis. The second stage was executed in Telemaco Borba - PR where implanted two treatments with eight replications, made up of 60 seedlings of Pinus taeda and the last stage, referring to the economic study of the planting of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus grandis in two spacings 3 × 1 m 3 × 1.5 m using the planter group, occurred in Lençóis Paulista - SP. For the analysis of comparisons between treatments silvicultural quality and dendrometric variables was used LSMeans test, the Genmod procedure, using the statistical software SAS - Statistical Analysis System. The operation costs were calculated according to the methodology developed by the European COST Action, resulting in two units: Euro per hour effective machine (€ h-1) and euro for seedlings (€ seedlings-1). The evaluations of the silvicultural quality of the plantings resulted that the variables fully exposed substrate and the inclined planting there were no significant differences in the mechanized and manual planting systems of the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensis and the Pinus taeda analyzes showed no statistical difference in the variables of partially exposed substrate, fully exposed substrate and planting inclined to the two planting systems. The dendrometric variables of the diameter at breast height and plant height had higher development at the twelve months after planting in the mechanized planting system of the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensi. While for the Pinus taeda planting the higher developments in the stems diameters of the plants were observed in the manual planting system at the twelve months after planting. The economic evaluation had as resulted that in the wider spacing, 3 × 1.5 m, showed 11.9% more in the final cost in relation to the narrower spacing of 3 × 1 m.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistemas de plantio, Variáveis dendrométricas, Qualidade silvicultural, Planting systems, Dendrometric variables, Silvicultural quality