Armazenamento e tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de Punica granatum L.
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Data
2017-01-12
Autores
Monteiro, Laís Naiara Honorato [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A romãzeira (Punica granatum L.), espécie exótica no Brasil, possui grande potencial para exploração comercial por apresentar inúmeras atividades medicinais e nutracêuticas. Porém, sua produção de mudas via sementes não se encontra totalmente elucidada na literatura. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do armazenamento e de tratamentos pré-germinativos na emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de romãzeira. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório do Departamento de Fitotecnia, Tecnologia de Alimentos e Sócio-Economia, da UNESP - Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, de agosto a dezembro de 2015. Foram coletados frutos de romã cv. Comum fisiologicamente maduros de pomar comercial localizado no município de Presidente Prudente - SP. Avaliaram-se até estabilização da emergência: início, porcentagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de emergência. Aos 50 dias após a semeadura avaliaram-se: número de folhas; diâmetro do caule; comprimento do sistema radicular e da parte aérea e massa de matéria fresca e seca total. Para o experimento de armazenamento (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias em embalagens de sacos de polietileno transparentes, sacos de papel brancos, e frascos de vidro), em um lote das sementes não foi retirado a sarcotesta. Para os experimentos de escarificação e imersão em água (0, 12, 24 e 48 horas) e em GA3 (0, 500, 1000 e 1500 mg L-1), a escarificação em um lote das sementes foi feita com lixa de nº 100. A sarcotesta das sementes de todos experimentos foi retirada utilizando a pressão dessas contra uma peneira com abertura de 2,36 mm em água corrente. Verificou-se que o armazenamento de sementes de romã com sarcotesta é viável em embalagens de polietileno transparentes por até 90 dias, favorecendo variáveis de emergência. Sementes de romã com sarcotesta devem ser semeadas logo após retiradas do fruto para favorecer o crescimento inicial das plântulas. Nos experimentos de escarificação, a associação deste método com imersão em água por 12 horas ou em 500 mg L-1 GA3 reduziu o início e o tempo médio de emergência das sementes de romã. Para emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de romã não se faz necessário o uso da escarificação mecânica, da água e do ácido giberélico na imersão das sementes.
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), an exotic species in Brazil, has great potential for commercial exploration because it presents innumerable medicinal and nutraceutical activities. However, its production of seedlings via seeds is not fully elucidated in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage and pre-germination treatments on emergence and initial growth of pomegranate seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Plant Science Laboratory of the Department of Plant Science, Food and Socio-Economics of Technology, UNESP – Faculty of Engineering – Ilha Solteira, from August to October 2015. Physiologically mature fruits were collected from adult plants of pomegranate cv. Comum in a commercial orchard located in the Presidente Prudente city. Start, percentage, speed index and emergence mean time were evaluated until emergence stabilization. Fifty days after sowing were evaluated: leaves number; stem diameter, root length, shoot length and total fresh and dry matter. For the storage experiment (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days in transparent polyethylene bags, white paper bags, and glass bottles), in lot of seeds the sarcotesta was not sarcotesta. For scarification and water immersion experiments (0, 12, 24 and 48 hours) and in GA3 (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1), scarification in a lot of seeds was done with sandpaper nº 100. It was pressed against sieve (2,36 mm aperture) under running water for removal of sarcotesta of all experiments. The storage of pomegranate seeds with sarcotesta is viable in transparent polyethylene packages for up to 90 days, favoring emergency variables. Pomegranate seeds with sarcotesta should be sown after being removed from the fruit to favor the initial growth of the seedlings. In the scarification experiments, the association of this method with immersion in water for 12 hours or in 500 mg L-1 GA3 reduced the start and mean time of emergence pomegranate seeds. For emergence and initial growth of pomegranate seedlings, it is not necessary to use mechanical scarification, water and GA3 in the immersion of seeds.
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), an exotic species in Brazil, has great potential for commercial exploration because it presents innumerable medicinal and nutraceutical activities. However, its production of seedlings via seeds is not fully elucidated in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage and pre-germination treatments on emergence and initial growth of pomegranate seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Plant Science Laboratory of the Department of Plant Science, Food and Socio-Economics of Technology, UNESP – Faculty of Engineering – Ilha Solteira, from August to October 2015. Physiologically mature fruits were collected from adult plants of pomegranate cv. Comum in a commercial orchard located in the Presidente Prudente city. Start, percentage, speed index and emergence mean time were evaluated until emergence stabilization. Fifty days after sowing were evaluated: leaves number; stem diameter, root length, shoot length and total fresh and dry matter. For the storage experiment (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days in transparent polyethylene bags, white paper bags, and glass bottles), in lot of seeds the sarcotesta was not sarcotesta. For scarification and water immersion experiments (0, 12, 24 and 48 hours) and in GA3 (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1), scarification in a lot of seeds was done with sandpaper nº 100. It was pressed against sieve (2,36 mm aperture) under running water for removal of sarcotesta of all experiments. The storage of pomegranate seeds with sarcotesta is viable in transparent polyethylene packages for up to 90 days, favoring emergency variables. Pomegranate seeds with sarcotesta should be sown after being removed from the fruit to favor the initial growth of the seedlings. In the scarification experiments, the association of this method with immersion in water for 12 hours or in 500 mg L-1 GA3 reduced the start and mean time of emergence pomegranate seeds. For emergence and initial growth of pomegranate seedlings, it is not necessary to use mechanical scarification, water and GA3 in the immersion of seeds.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Romã, Sarcotesta, Escarificação, Imersão, Pomegranate, Scarification, Immersion