Trabalho colaborativo na educação física escolar: estratégias para a formação de professores e inclusão
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Data
2016-12-22
Autores
Ferreira, Robson Alex [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Essa pesquisa foi realizada junto ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP, campus de Presidente Prudente – SP) e esteve vinculada à linha de pesquisa Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem. O Trabalho Colaborativo pode ser percebido como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento profissional de professores, de possibilidade de alteração da didática em sala de aula e, consequentemente, de pesquisa para que se estabeleça uma parceria consolidada entre Universidade e Escola Fundamental. A Educação Especial, na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva é um avanço quando se pensa na inclusão, pois o seu foco não está na deficiência ou diferença que o indivíduo apresenta, mas nas formas e condições que a escola deve proporcionar para garantir a aprendizagem do seu público. Um dos desafios que a Educação Física escolar encontra diante deste cenário é como possibilitar a compreensão/vivências de seus conteúdos, num componente curricular obrigatório, que, historicamente foi marcado pela exclusão daqueles que não se encaixavam num padrão pré-estipulado de eficiência. Assim sendo, nossa questão-problema se configurou da seguinte maneira: de que forma a parceria entre a Universidade e a Escola, a partir do trabalho colaborativo, pode contribuir para a formação inicial e continuada de professores de Educação Física, para a promoção da inclusão escolar? O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar as possibilidades e os desafios de um trabalho colaborativo entre a Universidade e a Escola para a formação de professores, visando à promoção da inclusão escolar. Optou-se pela Pesquisa Colaborativa como metodologia de pesquisa. Os sujeitos do estudo foram o pesquisador, três acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da UNEMAT/MT e uma professora em exercício da rede estadual de ensino, que lecionava no ensino fundamental e na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram as gravações, em áudio, das narrativas dos sujeitos que ocorriam durante os encontros para a formação; o questionário; e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados apontaram que as estratégias utilizadas para a promoção da inclusão na escola e a não oportunidade de contato dos alunos da rede básica de educação com os diferentes conteúdos que compõem o objeto de estudo da Educação Física pode fazer com que estes alunos, de maneira geral, não sejam afetados pelas aulas, o que dificulta a inclusão de todos. Outro ponto a ser destacado foi o apontamento da gestão escolar como um elemento chave para a superação de concepções enraizadas no individualismo que acometia a maioria dos professores e dificultava práticas que favorecessem a inclusão. Apontamos como exemplo de estratégias exitosas para a inclusão dos estudantes nas aulas de Educação Física na escola: as dinâmicas colaborativas realizadas com os alunos; a coeducação (meninos e meninas fazendo as aulas juntos); a sensibilização; e a formação de pequenos e grandes grupos heterogêneos de pessoas. Infere-se portanto, que as experiências do Trabalho Colaborativo realizado neste estudo propiciaram espaços de formação inicial e continuada aos professores em exercícios e os que virão a ser, permitindo-lhes encontrar caminhos para a valorização das diferentes contribuições que cada aluno da educação básica pode oferecer por meio da equiparação de oportunidades a todos nas aulas de Educação Física.
This research was made with a partnership with the post-graduation in education program of UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente campus – SP) and was binded to the research of education processes, teaching and lerningship. The colaborative work can be perceived as a strategy of professional development for teachers, with the possibility to change in class tools and didactics, therefor, consolidating a partnership between the University and schools. The special education in the perspective of inclusive education is a breakthrough when thinking of inclusion, because it focus isn’t on disability or difference of the individual, but in the conditions and ways that school should provide to assure the proper learning of their audience. One of the challenges that physical education in school faces in this scenario is how to make possible the understanding/experience of it’s contents, in a mandatory curricular component, that historically was branded bt the exclusion of those who didn’t fit in a predetermined efficiency standard. There for, our problem presented itself like this: in which way should the partnership between the University and school, from the collaborative work, can contribute to the initial and continued shaping of physical education teachers, to promote school inclusion? The general purpose of this study was to analyze the possibilities and challenges of a collaborative work between the University and school to the education of teachers with the goal to promote the school inclusion. As the method of research it was chosen the collaborative research method. The study subjects were the researcher, three students of the physical education graduation course from UNEMAT (Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso – MT) and a teacher from the state school network, who teaches in fundamental school and in EJA (School for young and adults). The tools used to collect data were audio records of the subjects narratives which took place during the formation meetings, questionnaires, and a semi-structured interview. The results shown that the strategies used for the school inclusion promotion and the lack of contact opportunity from the basic school network students with the different contents that make up the physical education study purpose, can make these students unarmed by classes, which makes harder the inclusion for all. Another issue to be highlighted was the school management note as a key element for the overcoming of rooted conceptions in the take hold individuality in the majority of teachers, making harder practices to favor inclusion. We point out as success example strategies or the inclusion of students in physical education classes in school: the collaborative dynamics performed with students, the co education (boys and girls in class together), the raising awareness, and the formation of small and big groups of heterogeneous people. Therefor we conclude, the performed collaborative work experiences of this study enabled initial and continued spaces of education for current and future teachers, allowing to find ways to value the different contributions from each basic education student can offer by means of equal opportunities in physical education classes.
This research was made with a partnership with the post-graduation in education program of UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente campus – SP) and was binded to the research of education processes, teaching and lerningship. The colaborative work can be perceived as a strategy of professional development for teachers, with the possibility to change in class tools and didactics, therefor, consolidating a partnership between the University and schools. The special education in the perspective of inclusive education is a breakthrough when thinking of inclusion, because it focus isn’t on disability or difference of the individual, but in the conditions and ways that school should provide to assure the proper learning of their audience. One of the challenges that physical education in school faces in this scenario is how to make possible the understanding/experience of it’s contents, in a mandatory curricular component, that historically was branded bt the exclusion of those who didn’t fit in a predetermined efficiency standard. There for, our problem presented itself like this: in which way should the partnership between the University and school, from the collaborative work, can contribute to the initial and continued shaping of physical education teachers, to promote school inclusion? The general purpose of this study was to analyze the possibilities and challenges of a collaborative work between the University and school to the education of teachers with the goal to promote the school inclusion. As the method of research it was chosen the collaborative research method. The study subjects were the researcher, three students of the physical education graduation course from UNEMAT (Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso – MT) and a teacher from the state school network, who teaches in fundamental school and in EJA (School for young and adults). The tools used to collect data were audio records of the subjects narratives which took place during the formation meetings, questionnaires, and a semi-structured interview. The results shown that the strategies used for the school inclusion promotion and the lack of contact opportunity from the basic school network students with the different contents that make up the physical education study purpose, can make these students unarmed by classes, which makes harder the inclusion for all. Another issue to be highlighted was the school management note as a key element for the overcoming of rooted conceptions in the take hold individuality in the majority of teachers, making harder practices to favor inclusion. We point out as success example strategies or the inclusion of students in physical education classes in school: the collaborative dynamics performed with students, the co education (boys and girls in class together), the raising awareness, and the formation of small and big groups of heterogeneous people. Therefor we conclude, the performed collaborative work experiences of this study enabled initial and continued spaces of education for current and future teachers, allowing to find ways to value the different contributions from each basic education student can offer by means of equal opportunities in physical education classes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Trabalho colaborativo, Parceria entre universidade e escola, Educação física escolar, Formação de professores, Inclusão, Collaborative work, University and school partnership, In school physical education, Teachers education, Inclusion