Pesquisa molecular de fungos patogênicos em quirópteros da região de Botucatu-SP
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Data
2017-02-16
Autores
Paz, Giselle Souza da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente dentre as doenças emergentes a maioria são zoonoses, e os morcegos desempenham papel importante como fonte de infecção e transmissão de agentes infecciosos. Histoplasmose e criptococose são doenças fúngicas relatadas em diversas espécies animais, podendo seus agentes serem isolados de grutas, cavernas, solo e fezes de animais. Paracoccidioidomicose, doença fúngica mais importante no Brasil, acomete principalmente populações de baixa renda, na zona rural e já foi relatada em animais silvestres e domésticos. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar a detecção molecular dos fungos Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus spp. e Paracoccidioides brasiliensis em quirópteros no município de Botucatu e região, SP. O delineamento do estudo foi de série de casos, a partir de morcegos recolhidos e enviados pela Vigilância Epidemiológica municipal de 12 cidades da região Centro-Oeste de São Paulo para o diagnóstico de raiva, no período de abril de 2015 a maio de 2016. Foram coletados pulmão, baço, fígado e intestino de 172 quirópteros, e avaliados pelas técnicas de nested-PCR e cultivo microbiológico. A prevalência encontrada para H. capsulatum foi de 8,14% (14/172), com um morcego positivo somente no cultivo microbiológico, 12 na técnica de nested-PCR, e um animal positivo em ambos os métodos. Dois morcegos foram positivos para Cryptococcus spp. e dois para P. brasiliensis pela técnica de nested-PCR. Como auxílio do software Autocad® foi realizado georreferenciamento dos pontos de recolhimento dos animais, verificando quirópteros positivos em escolas, praças, residências e hospitais. Conclui-se que a presença de morcegos positivos para fungos patogênicos em áreas urbanas, é um risco para a saúde pública, visto que estes animais podem favorecer a manutenção e transmissão de patógenos em ambientes caseiros. Medidas de manejo ambiental devem ser orientadas a população pelo Serviço de Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal, visando diminuir a população de morcegos em ambientes domésticos e minimizar os riscos de transmissão de fungos patogênicos.
Currently, among the emerging diseases, most are zoonosis, and baths play an important role as source of infection and transmission of infectious agents. Histoplasmosis, criptococcosis and paracoccidioidomicosis are fungal diseases reported in several animal species, and their agents can be isolated in grottos, caverns, soils and feces of animals. Paracoccidioidomycosis, the most important fungal disease in Brazil, affects mainly low-income populations in rural areas and has been reported in wild and domestic animals. Thus, the objective of the present study was performing the molecular detection of the fungi Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus spp. and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in bats from the city of Botucatu and region, state of São Paulo.The study was delineated with a series of cases, from bats collected and sent by the Municipal Epidemiologic Surveillance of 12 cities from the Midwest region of São Paulo for the rabies diagnosis, within the time period from April 2015 to May 2016. Lung, spleen, liver and intestine were collected from 172 bats and assessed by nested-PCR and microbiological cultive techniques.The prevalence found for H. capsulatum was 8.14% (14/172), with one positive bath only by culturing the fungus, 12 in the nested-PCR technique and a positive animal in both methods. Two bats were positive for Cryptococcus spp. and two for P. brasiliensis by nested-PCR. With the aid of Autocad® software, the georeferencing of the animals’collection spots was performed, verifying positive bats in schools, squares, residences and hospitals. We conclude that the presence of positive baths for pathogenic fungi in urban areas is a risk to public health, since these animals can help on the maintenance and transmission of pathogens in domestic environments. Environmental management measures must be conducted to the population by the Municipal Service of Epidemiologic Surveillance, with the purpose of decreasing the baths population in domestic environments and minimizing the risk of transmitting pathogenic fungi.
Currently, among the emerging diseases, most are zoonosis, and baths play an important role as source of infection and transmission of infectious agents. Histoplasmosis, criptococcosis and paracoccidioidomicosis are fungal diseases reported in several animal species, and their agents can be isolated in grottos, caverns, soils and feces of animals. Paracoccidioidomycosis, the most important fungal disease in Brazil, affects mainly low-income populations in rural areas and has been reported in wild and domestic animals. Thus, the objective of the present study was performing the molecular detection of the fungi Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus spp. and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in bats from the city of Botucatu and region, state of São Paulo.The study was delineated with a series of cases, from bats collected and sent by the Municipal Epidemiologic Surveillance of 12 cities from the Midwest region of São Paulo for the rabies diagnosis, within the time period from April 2015 to May 2016. Lung, spleen, liver and intestine were collected from 172 bats and assessed by nested-PCR and microbiological cultive techniques.The prevalence found for H. capsulatum was 8.14% (14/172), with one positive bath only by culturing the fungus, 12 in the nested-PCR technique and a positive animal in both methods. Two bats were positive for Cryptococcus spp. and two for P. brasiliensis by nested-PCR. With the aid of Autocad® software, the georeferencing of the animals’collection spots was performed, verifying positive bats in schools, squares, residences and hospitals. We conclude that the presence of positive baths for pathogenic fungi in urban areas is a risk to public health, since these animals can help on the maintenance and transmission of pathogens in domestic environments. Environmental management measures must be conducted to the population by the Municipal Service of Epidemiologic Surveillance, with the purpose of decreasing the baths population in domestic environments and minimizing the risk of transmitting pathogenic fungi.
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Palavras-chave
Fungos, Morcegos, Micoses sistêmicas, Nested-PCR, Fungi, Bats, Systemic mycoses