Detecção molecular de fungos importantes em saúde pública em animais silvestres mortos por atropelamento no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
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2017-02-21
Autores
Losnak, Débora de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A emergência e reemergência de doenças infecciosas é impulsionada por vários fatores e a busca de patógenos em amostras animais podem oferecer oportunidades para estudos eco-epidemiológicos e também dados sobre a evolução dos patógenos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de fungos patogênicos importantes em saúde pública, em exemplares de animais silvestres mortos por atropelamento no estado de Santa Catarina e identificar e mapear áreas de risco para a infecção humana. Grande parte destes fungos apresenta em comum dimorfismo, distribuição geográfica restrita e produção de conídios infectantes que são aspirados pelo hospedeiro por meio das vias respiratórias. Cães e tatus são apontados como transmissores de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, os morcegos ao Histoplasma spp., assim como as fezes de pombos ao Cryptococcus spp.. No presente trabalho foram analisadas 1063 amostras de pulmão, fígado, baço, pele e coração de 297 animais silvestres, para detecção de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum e Cryptococcus spp. pela técnica de Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR). Utilizou-se primers universais para detecção de fungos em geral e obteve-se positividade em 102 amostras de 59 animais. Para a análise de P. brasiliensis, utilizou-se os primers específicos, obtendo oito amostras positivas em cinco animais (quatro Oxymycterus spp. e um Euryoryzomys russatus). Não houve a detecção molecular para Histoplasma spp.. Foi possível a identificação de três amostras para Cryptococcus spp.. O sequenciamento foi realizado, porém em 89 amostras de 49 animais foi possível somente a identificação em Fungal sp. (GenBank KT923226.1), duas amostras para Cryptococcus neoformans (GenBank KY107218.1) obtidas de Oxymycterus spp. e Akodon spp. e três amostras de Aspergillus penicillioides (GenBank KP131612.1 e KP997215.1) obtidas de Gracilinanus spp., Oxymycterus spp. e Philander spp. Importante salientar que houve coinfecção de P. brasiliensis e Cryptococcus neoformans em amostra de um Oxymycterus spp. Esta pesquisa mostra a importância dos animais silvestres na transmissão de doenças e auxilia no mapeamento dos locais de ocorrência de determinados patógenos e doenças em uma região ainda não avaliada.
The emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases is propelled by many diverse factors and the search for pathogens in animal samples may offer opportunity for eco-epidemiologic studies as well as data on the evolution of pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate in samples of road-killed wild animals the occurrence of pathogenic fungi of importance for public health. A great part of these fungi presented, in common, dimorphism, restricted geographic distribution and production of conidia infecting, which are aspirated by the host by means of their respiratory tract. Dogs and armadillos are normally related to the transmission of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, bats to Histoplasma spp., as well as pigeons feces to Cryptococcus spp.. In this study we analyzed 1063 samples of organs of 297 wild animals for the detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus spp. by the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Universal primers were employed for the detection of fungi in general and positivity was obtained in 102 samples from 59 animals. For the P. brasiliensis analysis was used specific primers, resulting in eight positive samples from five animals (four Oxymycterus spp. and one Euryoryzomys russatus). There was no molecular detection to Histoplasma spp.. Was possible the identification of three samples to Cryptococcus spp.. The sequencing was performed, however in 89 samples from 49 animals was possible to identify Fungal sp. (GenBank KT923226.1), two samples for Cryptococcus neoformans (GenBank KY107218.1) obtained from Oxymycterus spp. and Akodon spp. and three samples from Gracilinanus spp., Oxymycterus spp. and Philander spp. were positive for Aspergillus penicillioides (GenBank KP131612.1 e KP997215.1). Is important emphasize the coinfection with P. brasiliensis and Cryptococcus neoformans in a sample from Oxymycterus spp.. This research shows the importance of the wild animals in transmissions of diseases and assists in the mapping of pathogen and disease sites in a region that has not yet been evaluated.
The emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases is propelled by many diverse factors and the search for pathogens in animal samples may offer opportunity for eco-epidemiologic studies as well as data on the evolution of pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate in samples of road-killed wild animals the occurrence of pathogenic fungi of importance for public health. A great part of these fungi presented, in common, dimorphism, restricted geographic distribution and production of conidia infecting, which are aspirated by the host by means of their respiratory tract. Dogs and armadillos are normally related to the transmission of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, bats to Histoplasma spp., as well as pigeons feces to Cryptococcus spp.. In this study we analyzed 1063 samples of organs of 297 wild animals for the detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus spp. by the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Universal primers were employed for the detection of fungi in general and positivity was obtained in 102 samples from 59 animals. For the P. brasiliensis analysis was used specific primers, resulting in eight positive samples from five animals (four Oxymycterus spp. and one Euryoryzomys russatus). There was no molecular detection to Histoplasma spp.. Was possible the identification of three samples to Cryptococcus spp.. The sequencing was performed, however in 89 samples from 49 animals was possible to identify Fungal sp. (GenBank KT923226.1), two samples for Cryptococcus neoformans (GenBank KY107218.1) obtained from Oxymycterus spp. and Akodon spp. and three samples from Gracilinanus spp., Oxymycterus spp. and Philander spp. were positive for Aspergillus penicillioides (GenBank KP131612.1 e KP997215.1). Is important emphasize the coinfection with P. brasiliensis and Cryptococcus neoformans in a sample from Oxymycterus spp.. This research shows the importance of the wild animals in transmissions of diseases and assists in the mapping of pathogen and disease sites in a region that has not yet been evaluated.
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Fungos patogênicos, PCR, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus spp., Aspergillus penicillioides, Pathogenic fungi