Poder legislativo e política externa brasileira: para além da ratificação dos acordos internacionais
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Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Mattos, Angelo Raphael [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A formulação e a condução da política externa brasileira são atribuições comumente associadas ao Presidente da República e ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Ao Poder Legislativo caberia, de modo geral, apenas a ratificação dos acordos negociados pelo Executivo, ou, no máximo, a escolha do Chefe de Missão Diplomática Permanente, por meio de sabatina do Senado Federal. Para além da ratificação dos acordos internacionais, esta dissertação objetivou demonstrar que o papel do Legislativo, em matéria de relações exteriores, não se restringiu a confirmar os atos do governo nas relações internacionais do Brasil. E que a atuação do Parlamento, desde a constituinte (1987-1988) até o segundo governo Dilma Rousseff (2015-2016), tem sido expressiva e, em alguns episódios, e em certa medida, determinante das escolhas internacionais que o Brasil fez, como é o caso da opção pelo Mercosul, durante a inserção internacional brasileira da década de 1990. Nesse sentido, elegemos três mecanismos de atuação do Legislativo na política externa, que são a Comissão de Relações Exteriores e de Defesa Nacional da Câmara dos Deputados (CREDN), a Representação Brasileira no Parlamento do Mercosul (CPCMS), e o caso da denúncia pelo Executivo, sem consulta prévia ao Legislativo, da convenção 158 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT), que ensejou Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI 1.625), proposta por duas associações de classe, a Confederação dos Trabalhadores da Agricultura (Contag) e a Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT). Essas três vertentes de atuação (CREDN, CPCMS e dinâmica dos tratados) nos possibilitaram analisar outros casos correlatos e de expressivo posicionamento do Congresso Nacional, e que, naturalmente, também encontram respaldo na hipótese de que há indícios de crescente participação do Parlamento nas questões afeitas ao externo, e que tal processo é fundamental para o aprimoramento da democracia, para a efetividade dos acordos no plano interno, e para o fortalecimento do Brasil no âmbito de suas relações exteriores, em um contexto de adensamento das relações internacionais.
The formulation and conduct of Brazilian foreign policy are attributions commonly associated with the President of the Republic and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Legislative branch would generally only have to ratify the agreements negotiated by the Executive, or at most, the choice of the Permanent Diplomatic Head of Mission, by inquiries of the Federal Senate. In addition to the ratification of international agreements, this dissertation aimed to demonstrate that the role of the Legislature in foreign relations was not limited to confirm the acts of the government in the international relations of Brazil. And the performance of Parliament from the constituency (1987-1988) to the second Dilma Rousseff government (2015-2016) has been expressive and, in some episodes, and to a certain extent, determinant of the international choices that Brazil has made, as in the case of the Mercosur option, during the Brazilian international insertion of the 1990s. In this way, we elected three mechanisms of the Legislative action in foreign policy, which are the Committee on Foreign Relations and National Defense of the Chamber of Deputies, the Brazilian Representation in the Mercosur Parliament, and the case of denunciation by the Executive, without previous consultation of the Legislative, of convention 158 of the International Labor Organization (ILO), which led to Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (1.625), Proposed by two class associations, the Confederation of Agricultural Workers and the Unified Workers’ Central. These three strands of action have enabled us to analyze other related cases and expressive position of the National Congress, and, of course, also support the hypothesis that there is evidence of increasing participation of Parliament in the issues, and that such process is fundamental for the improvement of democracy, for the effectiveness of the agreements in the internal sphere, and for the strengthening of Brazil in the scope of its external relations, in a context of a deepening of international relations.
The formulation and conduct of Brazilian foreign policy are attributions commonly associated with the President of the Republic and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Legislative branch would generally only have to ratify the agreements negotiated by the Executive, or at most, the choice of the Permanent Diplomatic Head of Mission, by inquiries of the Federal Senate. In addition to the ratification of international agreements, this dissertation aimed to demonstrate that the role of the Legislature in foreign relations was not limited to confirm the acts of the government in the international relations of Brazil. And the performance of Parliament from the constituency (1987-1988) to the second Dilma Rousseff government (2015-2016) has been expressive and, in some episodes, and to a certain extent, determinant of the international choices that Brazil has made, as in the case of the Mercosur option, during the Brazilian international insertion of the 1990s. In this way, we elected three mechanisms of the Legislative action in foreign policy, which are the Committee on Foreign Relations and National Defense of the Chamber of Deputies, the Brazilian Representation in the Mercosur Parliament, and the case of denunciation by the Executive, without previous consultation of the Legislative, of convention 158 of the International Labor Organization (ILO), which led to Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (1.625), Proposed by two class associations, the Confederation of Agricultural Workers and the Unified Workers’ Central. These three strands of action have enabled us to analyze other related cases and expressive position of the National Congress, and, of course, also support the hypothesis that there is evidence of increasing participation of Parliament in the issues, and that such process is fundamental for the improvement of democracy, for the effectiveness of the agreements in the internal sphere, and for the strengthening of Brazil in the scope of its external relations, in a context of a deepening of international relations.
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Palavras-chave
Parlamento, Relações exteriores, Brasil, Comissão de relações exteriores e de defesa nacional, Tratados internacionais