Diversidade e distribuição de serpentes e lagartos em um mosaico de fisionomias na Serra do Mar, estado de São Paulo
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Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Batista, Silara Fatima [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A composição de espécies em uma área pode ser influenciada por diversas variáveis, que também costumam influenciar a estrutura de tal comunidade. Estas variáveis podem ser bióticas, como as interações ecológicas entre as espécies e abióticas, tais como variações climáticas e de topografia, que costumam ocorrer em ambientes heterogêneos. Parece haver uma relação positiva entre heterogeneidade de hábitat e riqueza de espécies, embora essa relação seja de difícil descriminação na natureza, por ser influenciada também por fatores intrínsecos, como a biologia e história evolutiva das espécies e extrínsecos, como a história evolutiva do ambiente. Os campos nebulares, fisionomia singular encontrada em poucas áreas da Serra do Mar, possui uma história evolutiva importante na Mata Atlântica e é praticamente desconhecido quanto sua herpetofauna. Neste estudo, foi inventariada a composição de espécies de serpentes e lagartos do mosaico formado por matas e campos nebulares na área de planalto do Núcleo Curucutu do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Além disso, investigou-se a distribuição e a diversidade beta destes grupos ao longo destas fisionomias. Foram encontradas 19 espécies, incluindo 13 de serpentes e seis de lagartos. A fisionomia florestada apresentou quase o dobro de espécies do que a fisionomia de campo. Do total de espécies, sete ocorrem em ambas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que é necessário maior esforço amostral para inventariar esta comunidade, uma vez que as curvas de rarefação não apresentaram tendência a estabilizar. Além disso, este esforço também deve ser maximizado para determinar se a substituição de espécies entre as fisionomias é realmente média e se a distribuição é aleatória ou estruturada, dado que a utilização de testes estatísticos baseados em dados qualitativos ou quantitativos apresentaram resultados divergentes.
The species composition in an area may be influenced by many variables, which also tend to influence the structure of such community. These variables can be biotic, like the ecological interactions between species and may also be abiotic, such as climate and topography variations, that usually occur in heterogeneous environments. There seems to be a positive relationship between habitat heterogeneity and species richness, although this relationship is difficult to discriminate in nature, because it is also influenced by intrinsic factors, as the biology and evolutionary history of species and extrinsic, as the evolutionary history of the environment. The nebular fields, singular physiognomy found in few areas of the Serra do Mar, have an important evolutionary history in the Atlantic Forest and its herpetofauna is practilly unknown. In this study, the species composition of snakes and lizards was catalogued for the mosaic formed by forests and nebular fields in the highland area of the Núcleo Curucutu of the Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. In addition, we investigated the distribution and the beta diversity of these groups along these physiognomies. Nineteen species were found, including 13 of snakes and six of lizards. The forested physiognomy showed almost twice as many species as the field physiognomy presented. Of the total species, seven occur in both. The results obtained so far suggest that a greater sampling effort is needed to inventory this community, since rarefaction curves showed no tendency to stabilize. Moreover, this effort should also be maximized to determine if the substitution of species between the physiognomies is really average and whether the distribution is random or structured, given that the use of statistical tests based on qualitative or quantitative data presented divergent results.
The species composition in an area may be influenced by many variables, which also tend to influence the structure of such community. These variables can be biotic, like the ecological interactions between species and may also be abiotic, such as climate and topography variations, that usually occur in heterogeneous environments. There seems to be a positive relationship between habitat heterogeneity and species richness, although this relationship is difficult to discriminate in nature, because it is also influenced by intrinsic factors, as the biology and evolutionary history of species and extrinsic, as the evolutionary history of the environment. The nebular fields, singular physiognomy found in few areas of the Serra do Mar, have an important evolutionary history in the Atlantic Forest and its herpetofauna is practilly unknown. In this study, the species composition of snakes and lizards was catalogued for the mosaic formed by forests and nebular fields in the highland area of the Núcleo Curucutu of the Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. In addition, we investigated the distribution and the beta diversity of these groups along these physiognomies. Nineteen species were found, including 13 of snakes and six of lizards. The forested physiognomy showed almost twice as many species as the field physiognomy presented. Of the total species, seven occur in both. The results obtained so far suggest that a greater sampling effort is needed to inventory this community, since rarefaction curves showed no tendency to stabilize. Moreover, this effort should also be maximized to determine if the substitution of species between the physiognomies is really average and whether the distribution is random or structured, given that the use of statistical tests based on qualitative or quantitative data presented divergent results.
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Palavras-chave
Diversidade beta, Campos nebulares, Serra do Mar, Serpentes, Lagartos