Distribuição e dinâmica populacional de juvenis dos camarões-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) e F. paulensis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) na região de Cananeia, extremo Sul do Estado de São Paulo
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Data
2017-02-22
Autores
Salvati, Dalilla da Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a abundância, a distribuição espaço-temporal, a relação da abundância com os fatores abióticos, a estrutura populacional, o período de recrutamento juvenil, a razão sexual, o crescimento, a longevidade e o tempo de duração da fase juvenil dos juvenis dos camarões-rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis e F. paulensis ao longo do Complexo-estuarino-Lagunar de Cananeia-Iguape, extremo sul do Estado de São Paulo. As coletas foram realizadas, mensalmente, entre julho de 2012 a junho de 2014, na região de Cananeia. Os indivíduos foram capturados em 7 estações de coleta estabelecidas, sendo E1 a E4 na Área Costeira Marinha (AC) e E5 a E7 na região do Mar Pequeno (MP). Os fatores abióticos foram registrados em cada estação de coleta, a temperatura e a salinidade da água de fundo mensalmente e o tipo de sedimento e teor de matéria orgânica por estação do ano. Os camarões foram identificados quanto à espécie, sexo, mensurados quanto ao comprimento de carapaça (CC mm) e quantificados em cada mês e estação de coleta. O recrutamento juvenil foi caracterizado pela entrada de menores indivíduos na população. As curvas de crescimento foram estimadas através do modelo de crescimento de von Bertalanffy e a longevidade e o tempo da fase juvenil foram obtidos através da equação inversa de von Bertalanffy. A média geral da temperatura da água de fundo foi de 25,1 ± 3,1°C. As regiões apresentaram médias semelhantes, na Área Costeira o valor foi de 22,7 ± 3,1°C e no Mar Pequeno 23,7 ± 3,1°C. A salinidade da água de fundo apresentou uma média geral de 31,3 ± 5,0. As maiores médias foram registradas na Área Costeira (34,1 ± 5,0) em relação ao Mar Pequeno (27,7 ± 5,0). O tipo de sedimento não foi diferente entre o Mar Pequeno e a Área Costeira, sendo que, de modo geral, foi composto principalmente por areia muito fina. Já o teor de matéria orgânica variou em ambas as regiões, oscilando de 0,6 - 12,0% no Mar Pequeno e 0,8 - 16,6% na Área Costeira. A estação de coleta que apresentou a maior média do teor de matéria orgânica foi E4 (6,1 ± 3,2%). Foram capturados 613 indivíduos de F. brasiliensis, 407 no Mar Pequeno e 206 na Área Costeira. Já F. paulensis foi capturado 947 indivíduos, 748 no Mar Pequeno e 199 na Área Costeira. As maiores abundâncias de ambas as espécies ocorreram na primavera, no verão e na estação E5. Apenas a temperatura foi correlacionada positivamente com a abundância de ambas as espécies (RDA, p < 0,05). Apesar de não haver relação significativa, foi nítida a preferência de F. brasiliensis por sedimentos com alta porcentagem de silte+argila e, no caso de F. paulensis, por areia muito fina. O tamanho médio (CC mm) de F. brasiliensis e F. paulensis foram respectivamente, no MP 18,8 ± 3,5 e 19,0 ± 3,7 e na AC 19,2 ± 3,6 e 18,9 ± 3,7. O recrutamento juvenil foi sazonal com o principal pico de ambas as espécies em janeiro de 2014. A razão sexual foi a favor das fêmeas para ambas as espécies. Os parâmetros de crescimento e longevidade (tmáx) estimados foram: CC∞= 45,5, k= 1,8 ano-1, t0= -0,27 e tmáx= 2,52 anos para os machos e CC∞= 55,2, k= 1,6 ano-1, t0= -0,85 e tmáx= 2,88 anos para as fêmeas de F. brasiliensis. Para F. paulensis os valores obtidos foram CC∞= 40,7, k= 2,3 ano-1, t0= -0,37 e tmáx= 2,04 anos para os machos e CC∞= 56,5, k= 1,9 ano-1, t0= -0,083 e tmáx= 2,37 anos para as fêmeas. Houve diferença significativa na curva de crescimento entre machos e fêmeas, sendo que os machos apresentaram maiores valores de k e as fêmeas maiores tamanhos e longevidade para ambas as espécies. O tempo de duração da fase juvenil calculado foi de ≈ 7 meses para F. brasiliensis e ≈ 5 meses para F. paulensis. Pôde-se concluir que Cananeia é um berçário de extrema importância para o estabelecimento e crescimento dos juvenis de F. brasiliensis e F. paulensis. A temperatura e o sedimento mostraram-se fatores bastante relevantes na distribuição das espécies. O pico de recrutamento juvenil das espécies não está sincronizado com o fechamento da pesca, assim o período de defeso deve ser revisto podendo ser mais efetivo e resultar em uma exploração sustentável. Todos os parâmetros de crescimento estimados para o Complexo-estuarino-Lagunar de Cananeia-Iguape foram coerentes com o ciclo de vida das espécies e semelhantes aos estudos presentes na literatura. Os juvenis podem permanecer no Mar Pequeno e Área Costeira de Cananeia até seus 5 a 7 meses de vida, antes de migrarem a região oceânica, onde completarão o ciclo de vida. Esse tempo foi similar a maioria das espécies do gênero Farfantepenaeus já estudadas.
The objective of this study was to analyze abundance, spatio-temporal distribution, abundance relationship with abiotic factors, population structure, juvenile recruitment period, sex ratio, growth, longevity and duration juvenile phase of the juvenile shrimps Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis along the Estuarine-Lagoon-Complex of Cananeia-Iguape, extreme south of the state of São Paulo. The sampling were carried out monthly between July/2012 to June/2014, in the region of Cananeia. The individuals were captured in seven established sampling stations, being E1 to E4 in the Marine Coastal Area (CA) and E5 to E7 in the Mar Pequeno region (MP). The abiotic factors were recorded at each sampling stations, the temperature and salinity of the bottom water was recorded monthly and the type of sediment and organic matter content per season. The shrimps were identified as to species, sex, measured on carapace length (CL mm) and quantified in each month and sampling station. The juvenil recruitment was characterized by the entry of individuals minors into the population. Growth curves were estimated using the von Bertalanffy growth model and longevity and juvenile phase time were obtained by the inverse von Bertalanffy equation. The general mean of the bottom water temperature was 25.1 ± 3.1°C. The regions presented similar mean, in the Coastal Area the value was 22.7 ± 3.1°C and in the Mar Pequeno 23.7 ± 3.1°C. The salinity of the bottom water had an general mean of 31.3 ± 5.0. The highest averages were recorded in the Coastal Area (34.1 ± 5.0) in relation to the Mar Pequeno (27.7 ± 5.0). The type of sediment was not different between the Mar Pequeno and the Coastal Area, being that, in general, was composed mainly by very fine sand. The organic matter content varied in both regions, oscillating from 0.6 - 12.0% in the Mar Pequeno and 0.8 - 16.6% in the Coastal Area. The station sampling that presented the highest average organic matter content was E4 (6.1 ± 3.2%). Were captured 613 individuals from F. brasiliensis, 407 from the Mar Pequeno and 206 from the Coastal Area. Already F. paulensis was captured 947 individuals, 748 in the Mar Pequeno and 199 in the Coastal Area. The highest abundances of both species occurred in the spring, summer and station sampling E5. Only the temperature was correlated positively with the abundance of both species (RDA, p < 0.05). Although there was no significant relationship, was observed the preference of F. brasiliensis for sediments with a high percentage of silt+clay and, in the case of F. paulensis, for very fine sand. The mean size (CL mm) of F. brasiliensis and F. paulensis were, respectively, in MP 18.8 ± 3.5 and 19.0 ± 3.7 and in CA 19.2 ± 3.6 and 18.9 ± 3.7. The juvenile recruitment was seasonal with the main peak of both species in January/2014. Sex ratio was in favor of females for both species. The parameters growth and longevity (tmax) estimated were: CL∞ = 45.5, k = 1.8 year-1, t0 = -0.27 and tmax = 2.52 years for males and CL∞ = 55.2, k = 1.6 year-1, t0 = -0.85 and tmax = 2.88 years for females of F. brasiliensis. For F. paulensis the values obtained were CL∞ = 40.7, k = 2.3 year-1, t0 = -0.37 and tmax = 2.04 years for males and CL∞ = 56.5, k = 1.9 year-1, t0 = -0.083 and tmax = 2.37 years for females. There was significant difference in the growth curve between males and females, with males having higher k values and females having larger sizes and longevity for both species. The duration of juvenile phase calculated was ≈ 7 months for F. brasiliensis and ≈ 5 months for F. paulensis. We can conclude that Cananeia is a nursery of extreme importance for the establishment and growth of juveniles of F. brasiliensis and F. paulensis. The temperature and the sediment were very relevant factors in the distribution of the species. The peaks of juvenile recruitment of the species is not synchronized with the closing of fishing, so the closing of fishing should be reviewed, can be more effective and result on a more sustainable exploitation. All the estimated growth parameters for the Estuarine-Lagoon-Complex of Cananeia-Iguape were consistent with the life cycle of the species and similar to the studies in the literature. The juveniles can stay in the Mar Pequeno and Coastal Area of Cananeia until their 5 to 7 months of life, before migrating to the oceanic region, where they will complete the life cycle. This time was similar to most of the species of the genus Farfantepenaeus already studied.
The objective of this study was to analyze abundance, spatio-temporal distribution, abundance relationship with abiotic factors, population structure, juvenile recruitment period, sex ratio, growth, longevity and duration juvenile phase of the juvenile shrimps Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis along the Estuarine-Lagoon-Complex of Cananeia-Iguape, extreme south of the state of São Paulo. The sampling were carried out monthly between July/2012 to June/2014, in the region of Cananeia. The individuals were captured in seven established sampling stations, being E1 to E4 in the Marine Coastal Area (CA) and E5 to E7 in the Mar Pequeno region (MP). The abiotic factors were recorded at each sampling stations, the temperature and salinity of the bottom water was recorded monthly and the type of sediment and organic matter content per season. The shrimps were identified as to species, sex, measured on carapace length (CL mm) and quantified in each month and sampling station. The juvenil recruitment was characterized by the entry of individuals minors into the population. Growth curves were estimated using the von Bertalanffy growth model and longevity and juvenile phase time were obtained by the inverse von Bertalanffy equation. The general mean of the bottom water temperature was 25.1 ± 3.1°C. The regions presented similar mean, in the Coastal Area the value was 22.7 ± 3.1°C and in the Mar Pequeno 23.7 ± 3.1°C. The salinity of the bottom water had an general mean of 31.3 ± 5.0. The highest averages were recorded in the Coastal Area (34.1 ± 5.0) in relation to the Mar Pequeno (27.7 ± 5.0). The type of sediment was not different between the Mar Pequeno and the Coastal Area, being that, in general, was composed mainly by very fine sand. The organic matter content varied in both regions, oscillating from 0.6 - 12.0% in the Mar Pequeno and 0.8 - 16.6% in the Coastal Area. The station sampling that presented the highest average organic matter content was E4 (6.1 ± 3.2%). Were captured 613 individuals from F. brasiliensis, 407 from the Mar Pequeno and 206 from the Coastal Area. Already F. paulensis was captured 947 individuals, 748 in the Mar Pequeno and 199 in the Coastal Area. The highest abundances of both species occurred in the spring, summer and station sampling E5. Only the temperature was correlated positively with the abundance of both species (RDA, p < 0.05). Although there was no significant relationship, was observed the preference of F. brasiliensis for sediments with a high percentage of silt+clay and, in the case of F. paulensis, for very fine sand. The mean size (CL mm) of F. brasiliensis and F. paulensis were, respectively, in MP 18.8 ± 3.5 and 19.0 ± 3.7 and in CA 19.2 ± 3.6 and 18.9 ± 3.7. The juvenile recruitment was seasonal with the main peak of both species in January/2014. Sex ratio was in favor of females for both species. The parameters growth and longevity (tmax) estimated were: CL∞ = 45.5, k = 1.8 year-1, t0 = -0.27 and tmax = 2.52 years for males and CL∞ = 55.2, k = 1.6 year-1, t0 = -0.85 and tmax = 2.88 years for females of F. brasiliensis. For F. paulensis the values obtained were CL∞ = 40.7, k = 2.3 year-1, t0 = -0.37 and tmax = 2.04 years for males and CL∞ = 56.5, k = 1.9 year-1, t0 = -0.083 and tmax = 2.37 years for females. There was significant difference in the growth curve between males and females, with males having higher k values and females having larger sizes and longevity for both species. The duration of juvenile phase calculated was ≈ 7 months for F. brasiliensis and ≈ 5 months for F. paulensis. We can conclude that Cananeia is a nursery of extreme importance for the establishment and growth of juveniles of F. brasiliensis and F. paulensis. The temperature and the sediment were very relevant factors in the distribution of the species. The peaks of juvenile recruitment of the species is not synchronized with the closing of fishing, so the closing of fishing should be reviewed, can be more effective and result on a more sustainable exploitation. All the estimated growth parameters for the Estuarine-Lagoon-Complex of Cananeia-Iguape were consistent with the life cycle of the species and similar to the studies in the literature. The juveniles can stay in the Mar Pequeno and Coastal Area of Cananeia until their 5 to 7 months of life, before migrating to the oceanic region, where they will complete the life cycle. This time was similar to most of the species of the genus Farfantepenaeus already studied.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Abundância, Penaeidae, Abundance, Recrutamento, Defeso, Crescimento, Recruitment, Off-season, Growth