Sistema dosador de sementes e velocidade de operação na semeadura direta de soja
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Data
2017-02-24
Autores
Damasceno, André Ferreira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A velocidade de trabalho na operação de semeadura é um fator que pode influenciar na regularidade de distribuição de sementes, e, sendo assim, o sistema dosador de sementes deve ser capaz suprir tal discordância, mantendo a qualidade e precisão de operação elevadas. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de operação e possíveis influências dos sistemas dosador de sementes (acionamento e dosagem), operando em diferentes velocidades de operação, na operação de semeadura direta de soja. O delineamento experimental foi em faixas, fatorial 4x2, com dosadores pneumáticos, com acionamento hidráulico e elétrico, e dosadores mecânicos acionados por corrente (mecânico), e velocidades teóricas de deslocamento de 6 e 9 km h-1. As variáveis avaliadas foram: densidade de semeadura, distribuição longitudinal de plântulas, profundidade de semeadura e produtividade. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva e os resultados foram submetidos ao teste F (5%), e teste para comparação de médias quando necessário, e através do controle estatístico de processos (CEP), com a ferramenta de cartas de controle de valores individuais e amplitude média, pode-se mensurar a qualidade do processo em cada arranjo. De maneira geral, o dosador pneumático com acionamento hidráulico e a velocidade de 6 km h-1 apresentaram melhores resultados para densidade de semeadura, espaçamentos aceitáveis e produtividade. O incremento da velocidade reduz os espaçamentos aceitáveis e produtividade. Espaçamentos múltiplos e profundidade de semeadura não influenciaram os fatores estudados. Os dosadores pneumáticos operando a velocidade de 6 km h-1 apresentaram menor variabilidade e pontos dentro dos limites de controle, indicando maior qualidade de operação.
The working speed in the sowing operation is a factor that can influence the regularity of seed distribution, and, thus, the seed feeders system must be able to supply such disagreement, maintaining high quality and high operating precision. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of operation and possible influences of the seed dosing systems (activation and dosing), operating at different speeds of operation, in the direct sowing of soybean. The experimental design was in bands, factorial 4x2, with pneumatic dosers with hydraulic and electric activation systems, and mechanical actuators (mechanical), and theoretical displacement speeds of 6 and 9 km h-1. The evaluated variables were: sowing density, longitudinal distribution of seedlings, depth of sowing and productivity. Descriptive statistics were applied and the results were submitted to the F test (5%), and test for comparison of means when necessary, and through the statistical control of processes (CEP), with the tool of control charts of individual values and amplitude average, one can measure the quality of the process in each arrangement. In general, the pneumatic doser with hydraulic activator and the speed of 6 km h-1 presented better results for sowing density, acceptable spacings and productivity. Increasing speed reduces acceptable spacings and productivity. Multiple spacings and depth of sowing had no influence on the factors studied. The pneumatic dosers operating at a speed of 6 km h-1 presented lower variability and points within the control limits, indicating a higher quality of operation.
The working speed in the sowing operation is a factor that can influence the regularity of seed distribution, and, thus, the seed feeders system must be able to supply such disagreement, maintaining high quality and high operating precision. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of operation and possible influences of the seed dosing systems (activation and dosing), operating at different speeds of operation, in the direct sowing of soybean. The experimental design was in bands, factorial 4x2, with pneumatic dosers with hydraulic and electric activation systems, and mechanical actuators (mechanical), and theoretical displacement speeds of 6 and 9 km h-1. The evaluated variables were: sowing density, longitudinal distribution of seedlings, depth of sowing and productivity. Descriptive statistics were applied and the results were submitted to the F test (5%), and test for comparison of means when necessary, and through the statistical control of processes (CEP), with the tool of control charts of individual values and amplitude average, one can measure the quality of the process in each arrangement. In general, the pneumatic doser with hydraulic activator and the speed of 6 km h-1 presented better results for sowing density, acceptable spacings and productivity. Increasing speed reduces acceptable spacings and productivity. Multiple spacings and depth of sowing had no influence on the factors studied. The pneumatic dosers operating at a speed of 6 km h-1 presented lower variability and points within the control limits, indicating a higher quality of operation.
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Palavras-chave
Glycine max, Controle estatístico de processos, Desempenho operacional, Distribuição longitudinal, Mecanismo dosador, Mecanização agrícola, Process statistical control, Operational performance, Longitudinal distribution, Dosing mechanism, Agricultural mechanization