Carbono orgânico e atributos físicos do solo após a aplicação de esterco bovino
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Data
2017-02-17
Autores
Magalhães, Ludmila [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O esterco bovino contém elevados teores de matéria orgânica, que pode elevar os teores de carbono orgânico no solo e proporcionar melhorias nos atributos físicos do solo. Isso ocorre devido o carbono orgânico ser um agente cimentante das partículas minerais do solo. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da adubação orgânica (esterco bovino) nos atributos do solo: carbono orgânico, carbono orgânico particulado, carbono orgânico associado aos minerais, distribuição de agregados do solo por classes de tamanho, índice de estabilidade de agregados do solo, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, resistência do solo à penetração e densidade do solo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico, de textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, constando de cinco doses de esterco bovino (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 Mg ha-1) com quatro repetições. Foram coletadas amostras de solo indeformadas, na camada de 0-0,10 m, para a determinação da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado (K0), macroporosidade (Ma), microporosidade (Mi), porosidade total (PT), resistência do solo à penetração (RP) e densidade do solo (Ds). Na mesma camada, foram coletadas amostras de solo deformadas para a determinação da distribuição de agregados do solo por classes de tamanho, índice de estabilidade de agregados do solo (IEA), carbono orgânico (CO), e fracionamento físico do carbono orgânico, em que foi determinado o carbono orgânico particulado (COP). O carbono orgânico associado aos minerais (COAM) foi obtido por diferença entre o CO e o COP. Foi realizada a análise de variância para a regressão polinomial, para os atributos do solo avaliados em função das doses de esterco bovino, utilizando o teste F com nível de significância de 5% de probabilidade. Os valores de CO, COP, IEA, PT, Ma, RP, Ds e K0 foram influenciados pelo esterco bovino, aplicado ao solo. Os valores de COAM e Mi não foram influenciados pelo esterco bovino aplicado ao solo. A aplicação de esterco bovino proporcionou no Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico, o aumento do carbono orgânico, do carbono orgânico particulado, da porosidade total, da macroporosidade e do índice de estabilidade de agregados do solo em água, e a redução da densidade do solo e da resistência do solo à penetração. Já o carbono orgânico associado aos minerais e a microporosidade não foram influenciados.
Cattle manure contains high levels of organic matter, wich can increase the organic carbon content in the soil and provide improvements in the physical attributes of this. This occurs because the organic carbon it is a cementing agent for the soil mineral particles. From this, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization (cattle manure) on the soil attributes: organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, organic carbon associated to minerals, soil aggregates distribution by sizes classes, soil aggregates stability index, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil resistance to penetration, and soil bulk density. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm of UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, in a clayey Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, consisting of five rates of cattle manure (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 Mg ha-1), with four replications. Undisturbed soil cores were collected at the 0-0.10 m deep layer to determine the hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil (K0), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (PT), soil resistance to penetration (RP) and soil bulk density (Ds). At the same layer, deformed soil cores were collected to determine the soil aggregates distribution by sizes classes, aggregate stability index of soil (IEA), organic carbon (CO), and physical fractionation of organic carbon, in with was determined the particulate organic carbon (COP). The organic carbon associated to minerals (COAM) was obtained by difference between CO and COP. An Analysis of Variance was performed to polynomial regression, to the evaluated soil attributes in function of cattle manure rates, using the F test with 5% probability. The values of CO, COP, IEA, PT, Ma, RP, Ds and K0 were influenced by the cattle manure applied to the soil. The values of COAM e Mi were not influenced by the cattle manure applied to the soil. The cattle manure addition provided on the Oxisol the increase of organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, total porosity, macroporosity and soil aggregates stability in water index, and the decrease of soil bulk density and soil resistance to penetration. The organic carbon associated to minerals and microporosity were note influenced.
Cattle manure contains high levels of organic matter, wich can increase the organic carbon content in the soil and provide improvements in the physical attributes of this. This occurs because the organic carbon it is a cementing agent for the soil mineral particles. From this, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization (cattle manure) on the soil attributes: organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, organic carbon associated to minerals, soil aggregates distribution by sizes classes, soil aggregates stability index, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil resistance to penetration, and soil bulk density. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm of UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, in a clayey Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, consisting of five rates of cattle manure (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 Mg ha-1), with four replications. Undisturbed soil cores were collected at the 0-0.10 m deep layer to determine the hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil (K0), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (PT), soil resistance to penetration (RP) and soil bulk density (Ds). At the same layer, deformed soil cores were collected to determine the soil aggregates distribution by sizes classes, aggregate stability index of soil (IEA), organic carbon (CO), and physical fractionation of organic carbon, in with was determined the particulate organic carbon (COP). The organic carbon associated to minerals (COAM) was obtained by difference between CO and COP. An Analysis of Variance was performed to polynomial regression, to the evaluated soil attributes in function of cattle manure rates, using the F test with 5% probability. The values of CO, COP, IEA, PT, Ma, RP, Ds and K0 were influenced by the cattle manure applied to the soil. The values of COAM e Mi were not influenced by the cattle manure applied to the soil. The cattle manure addition provided on the Oxisol the increase of organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, total porosity, macroporosity and soil aggregates stability in water index, and the decrease of soil bulk density and soil resistance to penetration. The organic carbon associated to minerals and microporosity were note influenced.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Adubação orgânica, Agregação do solo, Manejo do solo, Organic fertilization, Soil aggregation, Soil management