A anestesia inalatória com desflurano associada ou não ao óxido nitroso é genotóxica e induz estresse oxidativo em pacientes?
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Data
2017-03-03
Autores
Nogueira, Flávia Ribeiro [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os possíveis efeitos genotóxicos e de estresse oxidativo do anestésico inalatório halogenado desflurano, associado ou não ao gás óxido nitroso (N2O). O estudo foi realizado em 40 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com estado físico classificado pelo American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I, com idade de 18 a 50 anos. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos de 20, sob desflurano (6%) ou desflurano com N2O (60%) e foram submetidos a cirurgia minimamente invasiva (septoplastia) com duração mínima de 90 minutos. Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas antes dos pacientes receberem medicação pré-anestésica (M0-controle), aos 90 minutos após o início da anestesia inalatória (M1) e na manhã do dia posterior ao ato anestésico-cirúrgico (M2). Os danos basais e oxidativos no ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) foram avaliados pelo teste do cometa; o estresse oxidativo foi avaliado por marcadores de peroxidação lipídica como malonaldeído (MDA) pelo método de High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), 4-hidroxinonenal (4-HNE) e 8-isoprostano pelo método de imunoensaio; a oxidação proteica foi avaliada por proteínas carboniladas por imunoensaio e o teste de defesa antioxidante plasmática analisado por fluorometria e pelo Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), por espectrofotometria. Não houve diferença significante em relação os dados demográficos, tempo de cirurgia ou doses dos fármacos administrados entre os grupos. Os resultados de genotoxicidade, estresse oxidativo e da capacidade antioxidante não diferiram estatisticamente entre os dois grupos. Entretanto, na manhã do dia posterior ao ato anestésico-cirúrgico, a anestesia mantida com desflurano mostrou aumento de danos no DNA (p = 0,01) e peroxidação lipídica por 4-HNE (p = 0,03). Por outro lado, os marcadores de danos oxidativos no DNA, peroxidação lipídica (MDA e 8-isoprostano), proteínas carboniladas e FRAP não se alteraram nos grupos desflurano e desflurano/N2O (p > 0,05). Dessa forma, o N2O não intensificou os efeitos genotóxicos nem de estresse oxidativo do halogenado desflurano, revelando ser técnica anestésica segura em indivíduos hígidos submetidos a cirurgia minimamente invasiva com duração mínima de 90 minutos.
The current study aimed to evaluate the possible genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of the inhalational halogenated anesthetic desflurane, associated or not with nitrous oxide (N2O). The study was conducted in 40 patients of both sexes, with physical status classified by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I, aged 18 to 50 years. Patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery (septoplasty) lasting at least 90 minutes were randomly allocated into two groups of 20 under desflurane (6%) or desflurane with N2O (60%). Blood samples were collected before the patient received the pre-anesthetic medication (T0-baseline), 90 minutes after the beggining of inhalation anesthesia (T1) and on the morning of the postoperative first day (T2). The basal and oxidative damages in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were evaluated by the comet assay; oxidative stress was evaluated by lipoperoxidation markers as malonaldehyde (MDA) assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 (8-isoprostane) by immunoassay; for protein oxidation, the carbonylated proteins were evaluated by immunoassay, and plasma antioxidant defense was analyzed by fluorometry and also by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), detected by spectrophotometry. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding demographic data, time of surgery or doses of the drugs administered. The results of genotoxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity did not differ statistically between both groups. However, on the morning of the postoperative first day, anesthesia with desflurane showed increase of DNA damage (p = 0.01) and lipid peroxidation by 4-HNE (p = 0.03). On the other hand, markers of oxidative damage in DNA, lipid peroxidation (MDA and 8-isoprostane), protein carbonyl, and FRAP changed neither in the desflurane nor in the desflurane/N2O group (p > 0.05). Thus, N2O did not intensify genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of the halogenated desflurane, proving to be a safe anesthetic technique in healthy individuals who undergo minimally invasive surgery lasting at least 90 minutes.
The current study aimed to evaluate the possible genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of the inhalational halogenated anesthetic desflurane, associated or not with nitrous oxide (N2O). The study was conducted in 40 patients of both sexes, with physical status classified by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I, aged 18 to 50 years. Patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery (septoplasty) lasting at least 90 minutes were randomly allocated into two groups of 20 under desflurane (6%) or desflurane with N2O (60%). Blood samples were collected before the patient received the pre-anesthetic medication (T0-baseline), 90 minutes after the beggining of inhalation anesthesia (T1) and on the morning of the postoperative first day (T2). The basal and oxidative damages in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were evaluated by the comet assay; oxidative stress was evaluated by lipoperoxidation markers as malonaldehyde (MDA) assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 (8-isoprostane) by immunoassay; for protein oxidation, the carbonylated proteins were evaluated by immunoassay, and plasma antioxidant defense was analyzed by fluorometry and also by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), detected by spectrophotometry. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding demographic data, time of surgery or doses of the drugs administered. The results of genotoxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity did not differ statistically between both groups. However, on the morning of the postoperative first day, anesthesia with desflurane showed increase of DNA damage (p = 0.01) and lipid peroxidation by 4-HNE (p = 0.03). On the other hand, markers of oxidative damage in DNA, lipid peroxidation (MDA and 8-isoprostane), protein carbonyl, and FRAP changed neither in the desflurane nor in the desflurane/N2O group (p > 0.05). Thus, N2O did not intensify genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of the halogenated desflurane, proving to be a safe anesthetic technique in healthy individuals who undergo minimally invasive surgery lasting at least 90 minutes.
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Palavras-chave
Anestésicos inalatórios, Óxido nitroso, Procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos, Genotoxicidade, Estresse oxidativo