Diversidade e distribuição espacial de artrópodes associados ao solo em agroecossistemas
Data
2009-01-01
Autores
Cividanes, Francisco Jorge [UNESP]
Barbosa, José Carlos [UNESP]
Martins, Ivan Carlos Fernandes [UNESP]
Pattaro, Fernando [UNESP]
Nunes, Maria Andreia [UNESP]
Santos, Rodrigo Souza [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
Resumo
O conhecimento da diversidade e distribuição de artrópodes associados ao solo contribui para o desenvolvimento de sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. O presente estudo foi realizado em Jaboticabal (SP), durante o período de fevereiro a abril de 2004. O objetivo foi analisar a comunidade de Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae e Araneae através de índices faunísticos e determinar a distribuição espacial e a interação interespecífica de espécies predominantes em soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), milho (Zea mays L.) e seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Os artrópodes foram amostrados com armadilhas de solo distribuídas a cada 10 m em dois transectos de 210 m de comprimento, que atravessaram o seringal e avançaram 60 m no interior das culturas. A fauna foi caracterizada pelos índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener, de equitabilidade e de similaridade de Morisita. As diferenças entre a ocorrência das espécies predominantes nos hábitats foram determinadas por análise de variância e a interação interespecífica por correlação de Pearson. A soja e o milho cultivados em sistema de plantio direto propiciaram comunidades de carabídeos, formigas e aranhas mais bem estruturadas que o seringal. Entre as 88 espécies capturadas, 20 espécies foram predominantes cuja distribuição espacial mostrou que Odontocheila nodicornis (Dejean), Glenus chrysis Gravenhorst, Castianeira sp. e oito espécies de formigas foram mais abundantes no seringal em comparação às culturas de soja e do milho. A abundância dos carabídeos Calosoma granulatum Perty e O. nodicornis diminuiu conforme aumentou a densidade dos formicídeos Pheidole sp.1 e Odontomachus chelifer Latreille respectivamente.
The knowledge of the diversity and distribution of ground arthropods contributes for the development of sustainable agricultural systems. This work was carried out at the Paulista State University, Jaboticabal campus, State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the period from February to April 2004. The objective was to analyse the community of Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae e Araneae through faunistic indexes, to determine the spatial distribution and interespecific interactions of predominant species in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), corn (Zea mays L.) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). The arthropods were sampled by pitfall traps distributed each 10 m in two transects of 210 m which crossed the rubber trees and advancing 60 m in the crop lines. The fauna was characterized by Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness and Morisita similarity index. The differences among the occurrence of predominant species in the habitats were determined by variance analysis, and the interespecific interaction by Pearson correlation. The soybean and corn under no-tillage system provided better structured carabids, ants and spiders communities than the rubber trees. Among 88 captured species, 20 species were predominant and the spatial distribution of them showed that Odontocheila nodicornis (Dejean), Glenus chrysis Gravenhorst, Castianeira sp. and eight ant species were more abundant in the rubber tree compared to soybean and corn. The abundance of the carabids Calosoma granulatum Perty and O. nodicornis decreased with increased density of the formicids Pheidole sp.1 and Odontomachus chelifer Latreille, respectively.
The knowledge of the diversity and distribution of ground arthropods contributes for the development of sustainable agricultural systems. This work was carried out at the Paulista State University, Jaboticabal campus, State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the period from February to April 2004. The objective was to analyse the community of Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae e Araneae through faunistic indexes, to determine the spatial distribution and interespecific interactions of predominant species in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), corn (Zea mays L.) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). The arthropods were sampled by pitfall traps distributed each 10 m in two transects of 210 m which crossed the rubber trees and advancing 60 m in the crop lines. The fauna was characterized by Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness and Morisita similarity index. The differences among the occurrence of predominant species in the habitats were determined by variance analysis, and the interespecific interaction by Pearson correlation. The soybean and corn under no-tillage system provided better structured carabids, ants and spiders communities than the rubber trees. Among 88 captured species, 20 species were predominant and the spatial distribution of them showed that Odontocheila nodicornis (Dejean), Glenus chrysis Gravenhorst, Castianeira sp. and eight ant species were more abundant in the rubber tree compared to soybean and corn. The abundance of the carabids Calosoma granulatum Perty and O. nodicornis decreased with increased density of the formicids Pheidole sp.1 and Odontomachus chelifer Latreille, respectively.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Araneae, Carabidae, Formicidae, Biological control, predators, No-tillage, Araneae, Carabidae, Formicidae, Controle biológico, Predadores, Plantio direto
Como citar
Bragantia. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, v. 68, n. 4, p. 991-1002, 2009.