Lingüística de interações moleculares
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Data
1991-12-01
Autores
Guimarães, Romeu Cardoso [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Departamento de Filosofia
Resumo
As moléculas biológicas mais interessantes são longos polímeros. em analogia com a linguagem humana alfabética, estes podem ser chamados de textos, e analisados, quanto à estrutura primária, como sequência de letras (monômeros; como nucleotídeos, aminoácidos, etc.) ou de palavras (códigos de oligômeros, de até 5-6 letras). Considera-se que o estudo das palavras, em abordagem de tipo lingüístico, possa contribuir para o entendimento das interações (comunicações) moleculares. As linguagens e dialetos, moleculares e humanos, são contrastados. A linguagem molecular se distingue peculiarmente da humana, por exemplo, por utilizar forma tridimensional, dinâmica temporal, ausência de espaçamento e pontuação, e sobreposição de significados. Apresenta-se um método matemático para descoberta, de palavras em textos. A palavra AAA (trinca de adeninas) foi estudada na evolução do RNA ribossômico 5S. Observou-se que esta palavra é mais freqüente em organismos menos complexos e menos freqüente nos mais complexos, das linhagens de fungos, plantas e vertebrados. Nas duas últimas, reduziu-se também o grau de variabilidade gênica. Pelo contrário, grau moderado de freqüência da palavra persistiu em toda a linhagem dos invertebrados, com manutenção paralela de alto nível de variabilidade gênica. Nas mitocôndrias, plastídeos e micoplasmas, a freqüência da palavra AAA foi aumentada, de acordo com sua necessidade de interações com maior amplitude de variação. Esses comportamentos indicam que a palavra monótona AAA permite ambigüidade de interações. Com a evolução da complexidade orgânica e da maior especificidade molecular, as palavras ambíguas foram progressivamente evitadas.
The most interesting biological molecules are long polymers. In analogy with human alphabetic languages, they can be called texts and analysed, as to the primary structure, as sequences of letters (monomers; nucleotides, aminoacids, etc.) or of words (codes of oligomers, of up to 5-6 letters). It is considered that the study of words, in a linguistic approach, may contribute positively to the understanding of molecular interactions (communication). The molecular and human languages and dialects are contrasted. The molecular one is peculiarly distinct from the human, for instance, by its use of a tridimensional morphology, temporal dynamics, absence of spacings and punctuation, and overlapping messages. A mathematical method is presented, for discovering words in texts. The word AAA (adenine triplets) was studied in the evolution of the 5S ribosomal RNA. It was shown that this word is more frequent in less complex organisms and less frequent in the more complex ones, in the fungi, plants, and vertebrates lineages. In the two latter ones, the degree of genie variability was also reduced. To the contrary, a moderate degree of usage of this word persisted in the whole invertebrates lineage, where a high degree of genie variability was maintained. In mitochondria, plastids and mycoplasmas, the frequency of the word AAA was increased, consistently with their need for interactions with a wider range of variation. These behaviors indicate that the monotonous AAA word allows for ambiguity in interactions. With the evolution of organic complexity and of greater molecular specificity, ambiguous words were progressively avoided.
The most interesting biological molecules are long polymers. In analogy with human alphabetic languages, they can be called texts and analysed, as to the primary structure, as sequences of letters (monomers; nucleotides, aminoacids, etc.) or of words (codes of oligomers, of up to 5-6 letters). It is considered that the study of words, in a linguistic approach, may contribute positively to the understanding of molecular interactions (communication). The molecular and human languages and dialects are contrasted. The molecular one is peculiarly distinct from the human, for instance, by its use of a tridimensional morphology, temporal dynamics, absence of spacings and punctuation, and overlapping messages. A mathematical method is presented, for discovering words in texts. The word AAA (adenine triplets) was studied in the evolution of the 5S ribosomal RNA. It was shown that this word is more frequent in less complex organisms and less frequent in the more complex ones, in the fungi, plants, and vertebrates lineages. In the two latter ones, the degree of genie variability was also reduced. To the contrary, a moderate degree of usage of this word persisted in the whole invertebrates lineage, where a high degree of genie variability was maintained. In mitochondria, plastids and mycoplasmas, the frequency of the word AAA was increased, consistently with their need for interactions with a wider range of variation. These behaviors indicate that the monotonous AAA word allows for ambiguity in interactions. With the evolution of organic complexity and of greater molecular specificity, ambiguous words were progressively avoided.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bioquímica, polímeros, palavras, códigos, interações, lingüística, comunicação, Biochemistry, polymers, words, codes, interactions, linguistics, communication
Como citar
Trans/Form/Ação. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Filosofia , v. 14, p. 123-137, 1991.