Declínio dos citros: algo a ver com o sistema de produção de mudas cítricas?
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Data
2003-08-01
Autores
Baldassari, Ricardo Braga [UNESP]
Goes, Antonio de
Tannuri, Fernando
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura
Resumo
Na atualidade, a citricultura paulista enfrenta sérios problemas com o surgimento de novas enfermidades limitantes ao processo produtivo. Uma das alternativas para prevenir essas enfermidades é, seguramente, a produção de mudas certificadas, com borbulhas e sementes de assegurada qualidade genética e sanitária, produzidas em containers ou sacos plásticos, sob fiscalização dos órgãos competentes, garantindo-se, assim, a sanidade das mesmas. No entanto, tem-se verificado que grande parte do processo operacional de produção de mudas cítricas foi parcialmente adaptado da produção de essências florestais (eucalipto), onde se insere, principalmente, o emprego de tubetes com comprimento de 12 cm. Tal prática desencadeia uma grave deformidade morfológica no sistema radical das mudas cítricas, reduzindo o seu potencial de crescimento, quando são plantadas a campo, em local definitivo. Como a principal causa desencadeadora do declínio dos citros parece ser o estresse hídrico, plantas oriundas desse sistema de produção de mudas, mostram-se muito mais vulneráveis ao estresse e, conseqüentemente, a esta anomalia. Como atualmente todas as mudas produzidas no Estado de São Paulo provêm desse sistema de produção, seguramente o declínio dos citros tenderá a ser, futuramente, muito mais freqüente e severo nos casos de combinações vulneráveis à sua ocorrência.
Nowadays, São Paulo citrus culture faces serious problems with the outbreak of new diseases that limit the production process. One of the alternatives to prevent these diseases certainly is the production of certified seedlings, with shoot meristems and seeds of guaranteed genetic and sanitary quality, produced in containers or plastic bags, under the inspection of competent bureaus, thus assuring their health. However, it has been observed that a large part of the operational process of citrus seedling production has been partially adapted from the eucalypt production system, where, the use of plastic conic 12 cm-long cells were originally used. Such practice entails a severe morphological deformation of the root system on citrus seedlings, reducing their growth potential after field transplanting. Because the major triggering cause for citrus decline is the water stress, plants originating from this production system are much more vulnerable to the stress and, consequently, to this anomaly. Since all seedlings produced in São Paulo State come from this system, certainly citrus decline tends to be, in the near future, much more frequent and severe in the cases of vulnerable combinations for its occurrence.
Nowadays, São Paulo citrus culture faces serious problems with the outbreak of new diseases that limit the production process. One of the alternatives to prevent these diseases certainly is the production of certified seedlings, with shoot meristems and seeds of guaranteed genetic and sanitary quality, produced in containers or plastic bags, under the inspection of competent bureaus, thus assuring their health. However, it has been observed that a large part of the operational process of citrus seedling production has been partially adapted from the eucalypt production system, where, the use of plastic conic 12 cm-long cells were originally used. Such practice entails a severe morphological deformation of the root system on citrus seedlings, reducing their growth potential after field transplanting. Because the major triggering cause for citrus decline is the water stress, plants originating from this production system are much more vulnerable to the stress and, consequently, to this anomaly. Since all seedlings produced in São Paulo State come from this system, certainly citrus decline tends to be, in the near future, much more frequent and severe in the cases of vulnerable combinations for its occurrence.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Citrus, declínio, porta-enxerto, muda, Citrus, blight, rootstock, nursery tree
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 25, n. 2, p. 357-360, 2003.