ASPECTOS MORFOANATÔMICOS DE FRUTOS DE TOMATEIRO CULTIVAR ÂNGELA GIGANTE, SUBMETIDOS A TRATAMENTOS COM REGULADORES VEGETAIS
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Data
1997-01-01
Autores
MARTINS, MARIA BERNARDETE GONÇALVES [UNESP]
CAMARGO E CASTRO, PAULO ROBERTO DE
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Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como finalidade obter dados morfológicos de frutos de tomateiro, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Ângela Gigante', submetidos à ação de reguladores vegetais, em dois ensaios que ocorreram em épocas distintas, em casa de vegetação. As mudas foram selecionadas e transplantadas para vasos com capacidade de 12 L de terra, contendo uma mistura de solo argiloso, areia, matéria orgânica e uma adubação mineral complementar de N, P, K. No segundo ensaio, após o transplante das mudas, além da adubação mineral complementar de N, P, K, efetuaram-se adubações adicionais (fertirrigação). em ambos os ensaios, quando as plantas atingiram quatro folhas definitivas, realizaram-se as pulverizações com giberelina, GA3 50 mg/L; ácido naftalenacético, NAA 100 mg/L; cloreto (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio, CCC 1.500 mg/L e ácido succínico -2,2 dimetil-hidrazida, SADH 3.000 mg/L. em relação aos estudos anatômicos, observou-se que os tratamentos com retardadores vegetais (CCC e SADH) produziram frutos firmes, com formato tipo barril e ombros salientes; entretanto, em seção transversal, notou-se perda de viscosidade e atrofia de sementes, principalmente nos frutos de plantas tratadas com SADH. Os tratamentos com NAA e GA3 causaram eventual formação de frutos geminados. O tratamento com GA3 apresentou o parênquima do pericarpo com grãos de amido em processo de fragmentação, provavelmente em virtude de o GA3 acelerar a atividade da amilase, afetando o processo de maturação dos frutos e transformando o amido em açúcares. Notaram-se no mesocarpo células com grande quantidade de cristais de oxalato de cálcio sob a forma de areia cristalina. do tratamento com CCC resultaram frutos suculentos com células da placenta degeneradas, deixando livre grande quantidade de mucilagem. O pericarpo apresentou grande quantidade de grãos de amido composto em toda a extensão, provavelmente por haver um atraso no processo de maturação dos frutos.
The objective of the present work was to observe anatomical and morphological aspects of fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.`Ângela Gigante', treated with plant growth regulators. Two assays were carried out in the greenhouse: (1) in the first, the seedlings were selected and transferred to 12 L capacity pots, containing a mixture of clayey soil, sand, organic matter and a complementary N, P, K mineral fertilizing; (2) in the second, after the seedling transfer, besides the N, P, K fertilizing, a supplementary fertirrigation was carried out. In both assays after the plants had developed four mature leaves, they were pulverized with GA3 50 mg/L; NAA 100 mg/L; CCC 1,500 mg/L and SADH 3,000 mg/L. The treatments with growth retardants (CCC and SADH) produced firm fruits, although in cross sections, viscosity loss and seed atrophy were observed in fruits of plants treated with SADH. Plants treated with NAA and GA3 showed the formation of fused fruits. The treatment with GA3 revealed starch grain in process of fragmentation in the parenchyma of the pericarp. The treatment with GA3 probably accelerated the process of ripening, transforming starch to sugars. Cells with crystal calcium oxalate in the mesocarp as a crystalline sand were observed. The treatment of CCC formed juicy fruits with degenerated placenta cells, liberating great amounts of mucilage. The pericarp showed great amounts of compound starch grain, probably due to retardation in fruit ripening.
The objective of the present work was to observe anatomical and morphological aspects of fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.`Ângela Gigante', treated with plant growth regulators. Two assays were carried out in the greenhouse: (1) in the first, the seedlings were selected and transferred to 12 L capacity pots, containing a mixture of clayey soil, sand, organic matter and a complementary N, P, K mineral fertilizing; (2) in the second, after the seedling transfer, besides the N, P, K fertilizing, a supplementary fertirrigation was carried out. In both assays after the plants had developed four mature leaves, they were pulverized with GA3 50 mg/L; NAA 100 mg/L; CCC 1,500 mg/L and SADH 3,000 mg/L. The treatments with growth retardants (CCC and SADH) produced firm fruits, although in cross sections, viscosity loss and seed atrophy were observed in fruits of plants treated with SADH. Plants treated with NAA and GA3 showed the formation of fused fruits. The treatment with GA3 revealed starch grain in process of fragmentation in the parenchyma of the pericarp. The treatment with GA3 probably accelerated the process of ripening, transforming starch to sugars. Cells with crystal calcium oxalate in the mesocarp as a crystalline sand were observed. The treatment of CCC formed juicy fruits with degenerated placenta cells, liberating great amounts of mucilage. The pericarp showed great amounts of compound starch grain, probably due to retardation in fruit ripening.
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Palavras-chave
tomateiro, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., anatomia, morfologia, biorreguladores, tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., anatomy, morphology, bioregulators
Como citar
Bragantia. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, v. 56, n. 2, p. 225-236, 1997.