Efeito da densidade populacional e época de colheita na produção de raízes de mandioca de mesa
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Data
2011-01-01
Autores
Aguiar, Eduardo Barreto [UNESP]
Valle, Teresa Losada [UNESP]
Lorenzi, José Osmar
Kanthack, Ricardo Augusto Dias
Miranda Filho, Hilario
Granja, Newton do Prado
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Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
Resumo
Em cultivos tradicionais de mandioca de mesa (Manihot esculenta Crantz), bons rendimentos quanto à produção e qualidade das raízes, são obtidos a partir de oito a dez meses após o plantio. Plantas submetidas à menor competição resultam em maior produção de raízes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade populacional como instrumento para a produção precoce de raízes comerciais. O experimento foi desenvolvido no ano agrícola de 2001/2002, utilizando-se a cultivar IAC 576-70, em sete densidades populacionais variáveis de 5.000 e 20.000 plantas ha-1, com colheitas aos seis, oito, dez, doze, quatorze e dezesseis meses após o plantio. Obteve-se a produtividade máxima de 26,8 t ha-1 de raízes aos 16 meses, estimada por regressão na densidade de 20.000 plantas ha-1. No entanto, as maiores produções de raízes comerciais ocorrem nas menores densidades populacionais, para todas as épocas de colheita estudadas, devido à menor taxa de descarte de raízes que se observa nas baixas populações. Nas colheitas precoces, aos seis e oito meses, observaram-se as produções comerciais estimadas de, respectivamente, 5,9 e 11,1 t ha-1 com 5.000 plantas ha-1, e 5,0 e 7,2 t ha-1 com 20.000 plantas ha-1. Esses resultados demonstram que, baixas densidades populacionais em mandioca de mesa possibilitam colheitas precoces, aos 6, 8 e 10 meses após o plantio, com bons rendimentos comerciais de raízes.
In sweet cassava production, economic yields of high quality roots are obtained only after a growing season of eight to ten months. In addition, cassava plants under little competition present higher yields per plant. The objective of this work was to study the handling of population densities in the sweet cassava crop, as a tool to obtain high yield of high quality roots in earlier harvests. Seven plant densities, from 5,000 to 20,000 plants ha-1, were tested with growing cycles of six, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen and sixteen months, in a field trial using the cv. IAC 576-70. Total root yields increased with time, being the highest values obtained with the highest plant densities. It was estimated, with a regression model, a maximum yield of 26.8 t ha-1, when using 20,000 plants ha-1 and a growing cycle of sixteen months. on the other hand, the highest yields of marketable roots were obtained with smaller plant densities in all harvests, which was caused by lower root discard rate at low populations. The maximum yield was 19.1 t ha-1 in the latest harvest by using 5,000 plants. In earlier harvests, after six and eight months, the marketable yields estimated were 5.9 t ha-1 and 11.1 t ha-1, when using 5,000 plants; and 5.0 t ha-1 and 7.2 t ha-1 with 20,000 plants. In this way, low population densities for the sweet cassava crop enable earlier harvests, at six, eight and ten months after planting with good yields of commercial roots.
In sweet cassava production, economic yields of high quality roots are obtained only after a growing season of eight to ten months. In addition, cassava plants under little competition present higher yields per plant. The objective of this work was to study the handling of population densities in the sweet cassava crop, as a tool to obtain high yield of high quality roots in earlier harvests. Seven plant densities, from 5,000 to 20,000 plants ha-1, were tested with growing cycles of six, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen and sixteen months, in a field trial using the cv. IAC 576-70. Total root yields increased with time, being the highest values obtained with the highest plant densities. It was estimated, with a regression model, a maximum yield of 26.8 t ha-1, when using 20,000 plants ha-1 and a growing cycle of sixteen months. on the other hand, the highest yields of marketable roots were obtained with smaller plant densities in all harvests, which was caused by lower root discard rate at low populations. The maximum yield was 19.1 t ha-1 in the latest harvest by using 5,000 plants. In earlier harvests, after six and eight months, the marketable yields estimated were 5.9 t ha-1 and 11.1 t ha-1, when using 5,000 plants; and 5.0 t ha-1 and 7.2 t ha-1 with 20,000 plants. In this way, low population densities for the sweet cassava crop enable earlier harvests, at six, eight and ten months after planting with good yields of commercial roots.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Espaçamento, precocidade, práticas culturais, Spacing, earliness, cultural practices
Como citar
Bragantia. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, v. 70, n. 3, p. 561-569, 2011.