A eficácia da reabilitação em disfagia orofaríngea
Carregando...
Data
2007-04-01
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Pró-Fono Produtos Especializados para Fonoaudiologia Ltda.
Resumo
TEMA: eficácia da reabilitação em disfagia orofaríngea. A atuação fonoaudiológica com disfagia orofaríngea em nosso País alcançou proporções significativas e merece neste momento atenção para que esta atuação esteja baseada em evidências científicas. As técnicas terapêuticas e a eficácia da reabilitação em disfagia orofaríngea têm sido estudadas desde a década de 70, alcançando seu ápice na década de 80 e 90. Poucos estudos têm relatado a eficácia da reabilitação em disfagia orofaríngea, sendo mais freqüente aqueles que têm se preocupado em provar os efeitos da técnica terapêutica na dinâmica da deglutição. No Brasil, as pesquisas em disfagia orofaríngea têm valorizado os procedimentos de avaliação, sendo poucos os trabalhos que tratam da reabilitação. OBJETIVO: apresentar uma análise crítica sobre a eficácia da reabilitação em disfagia orofaríngea. CONCLUSÃO: este artigo de revisão aponta que estudos não randomizados têm comprometido os resultados, uma vez que a casuística das pesquisas têm utilizado amostras muito heterogêneas, que incluem disfagias orofaríngeas mecânicas e neurogênicas ocasionadas por distintas etiologias. Além disto, os programas terapêuticos empregados são pouco descritivos comprometendo a reprodução por parte de outros pesquisadores. Tais achados sugerem a necessidade de estudos mais randomizados, talvez inicialmente por meio de estudos de casos que possam excluir as variáveis do controle da eficácia terapêutica. Outra sugestão seria empregar, assim como as pesquisas atuais têm proposto, escalas que possam medir o impacto do treinamento de deglutição nas condições nutricionais e pulmonares do indivíduo disfágico. Uma importante área da pesquisa, relacionada ao controle da eficiência e eficácia terapêutica, está nos estudos que objetivam estabelecer o grau de redução de custos hospitalares e em empresas de home care, mediante a atuação do fonoaudiólogo com a disfagia orofaríngea.
BACKGROUND: efficacy of rehabilitation in oropharyngeal dysphagia. In our country the practice of speech-language pathology in oropharyngeal dysphagia has increased significantly and, at this moment, deserves attention since practice needs to be based on scientific evidence. Therapeutic techniques and the outcome of rehabilitation in oropharyngeal dysphagia have been studied since the 70s, reaching its high point during the 80s and 90s. Few studies have investigated the efficacy of therapy in the rehabilitation of oropharyngeal dysphagia, the vast majority have tried to prove the effects of therapy on the dynamics of swallowing. In Brazil, the studies about oropharyngeal dysphagia have, in great part, investigated assessment procedures, and only a few have worried about rehabilitation. AIM: to present a critical analysis about the efficacy of rehabilitation in oropharyngeal dysphagia. CONCLUSION: this review of the literature indicates that non-randomized studies have compromised the results, once the casuistic of the researches are very heterogeneous - they include neurogenic and mechanical oropharyngeal dyshagia caused by different etiologies. Besides that, therapeutic programs which are used are not sufficiently described, compromising the reproduction of the methodology by other researchers. These results suggest the need for more randomized studies, which can be initially developed as case studies in order to exclude the control variables of therapy efficacy. Another suggestion is, as proposed by present researches, to use scales that can measure the impact of swallowing training in the nutritional and pulmonary condition of dysphagic patients. An important research area, related to the control of therapeutic efficacy and efficiency, are the studies that aim to establish the decrease in hospital and home care costs as a consequence of speech-language intervention with patients with oropharyngeal dyspahgia.
BACKGROUND: efficacy of rehabilitation in oropharyngeal dysphagia. In our country the practice of speech-language pathology in oropharyngeal dysphagia has increased significantly and, at this moment, deserves attention since practice needs to be based on scientific evidence. Therapeutic techniques and the outcome of rehabilitation in oropharyngeal dysphagia have been studied since the 70s, reaching its high point during the 80s and 90s. Few studies have investigated the efficacy of therapy in the rehabilitation of oropharyngeal dysphagia, the vast majority have tried to prove the effects of therapy on the dynamics of swallowing. In Brazil, the studies about oropharyngeal dysphagia have, in great part, investigated assessment procedures, and only a few have worried about rehabilitation. AIM: to present a critical analysis about the efficacy of rehabilitation in oropharyngeal dysphagia. CONCLUSION: this review of the literature indicates that non-randomized studies have compromised the results, once the casuistic of the researches are very heterogeneous - they include neurogenic and mechanical oropharyngeal dyshagia caused by different etiologies. Besides that, therapeutic programs which are used are not sufficiently described, compromising the reproduction of the methodology by other researchers. These results suggest the need for more randomized studies, which can be initially developed as case studies in order to exclude the control variables of therapy efficacy. Another suggestion is, as proposed by present researches, to use scales that can measure the impact of swallowing training in the nutritional and pulmonary condition of dysphagic patients. An important research area, related to the control of therapeutic efficacy and efficiency, are the studies that aim to establish the decrease in hospital and home care costs as a consequence of speech-language intervention with patients with oropharyngeal dyspahgia.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Disfagia Orofaríngea, Eficácia, Reabilitação, Técnicas Terapêuticas, Oropharyngeal Dysphagia, Outcome, Rehabilitation, Swallow Maneuvers
Como citar
Pró-Fono Revista de Atualização Científica. Pró-Fono Produtos Especializados para Fonoaudiologia Ltda., v. 19, n. 1, p. 123-130, 2007.