Fotossíntese, reservas orgânicas e rebrota do capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq.) sob diferentes intensidades de desfolha do perfilho principal
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Data
2002-11-01
Autores
Gomide, Carlos Augusto de Miranda [UNESP]
Gomide, José Alberto
Martinez y Huaman, Carlos Alberto
Paciullo, Domingos Sávio Campos
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia
Resumo
Buscando-se avaliar morfofisiologicamente a rebrota do capim-mombaça, quatro desfolhas foram impostas ao perfilho principal, sendo estudado o comportamento da planta em termos da taxa de expansão da área foliar, crescimento do sistema radicular, nível de carboidratos totais não estruturais (CTNE) da raiz e do colmo, taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL) e razão de área foliar (RAF) às idades de 2, 5, 9 e 16 dias após as desfolhas, bem como da taxa fotossintética máxima às idades de 2, 6 e 13 dias das folhas remanescentes à desfolha. As desfolhas foram as seguintes: remoção de todas as lâminas foliares (desfolha total), a remoção da lâmina da folha adulta mais jovem (desfolha superior), a remoção das lâminas das duas folhas adultas mais velhas (desfolha inferior) e controle (sem desfolha), juntamente com o corte dos demais perfilhos, realizado a 8 cm do solo. Foram observadas cinco repetições por tratamento, segundo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As folhas adultas não diferiram quanto às taxas fotossintéticas máximas, que exibiram aumento nos primeiros dias após a desfolha, e queda aos 13 dias. A desfolha reduziu os teores de CTNE da base do colmo, principalmente nas plantas sob desfolha total. Comprometimento do crescimento do sistema radicular e do teor de CTNE das raízes foi observado nas plantas sob desfolha total, que também tiveram sua TCR reduzida nos primeiros dias de rebrotação. Entretanto, o aumento na RAF possibilitou a estas plantas recuperação da TCR e alta taxa de expansão da área foliar, igualando a área foliar das demais plantas aos 16 dias de rebrota.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate morphophysiological aspects of Mombaçagrass growth after defoliation. Defoliation treatments were performed when the number of green completely expanded leaves on main tiller had stabilized around 3. Four defoliation treatments were imposed to the main tiller: T1 - no defoliation, T2 - total defoliation, T3 - removal of the last expanded leaf and T4 - removal of the two lowest expanded leaves. In all cases primary tillers were completely defoliated by cutting at 8 cm height from soil level. The variables assessed were: leaf expansion rate, root growth, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) at the ages of 2, 5, 9 and 16 days regrowth, stem and root total non structural carbohydrate content and maximum leaf photosynthesis rate at the ages of 2, 6 and 13 days regrowth. There were five replications, according to a completely randomized design. There was no difference in the photosynthetic rate among the 3 expanded leaves considered at defoliation time. Photosynthetic rate of any leaf remaining after defoliation increased initially, but had declined by the 13th day of regrowth. Stem total non-structural carbohydrates content dropped in response to leaf removal, mainly in the total defoliation treatment which also brought about reduced root growth. Still, the completely defoliated plants had restored their RGR by the 16th day regrowth due to high leaf area expansion rate and leaf area ratio.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate morphophysiological aspects of Mombaçagrass growth after defoliation. Defoliation treatments were performed when the number of green completely expanded leaves on main tiller had stabilized around 3. Four defoliation treatments were imposed to the main tiller: T1 - no defoliation, T2 - total defoliation, T3 - removal of the last expanded leaf and T4 - removal of the two lowest expanded leaves. In all cases primary tillers were completely defoliated by cutting at 8 cm height from soil level. The variables assessed were: leaf expansion rate, root growth, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) at the ages of 2, 5, 9 and 16 days regrowth, stem and root total non structural carbohydrate content and maximum leaf photosynthesis rate at the ages of 2, 6 and 13 days regrowth. There were five replications, according to a completely randomized design. There was no difference in the photosynthetic rate among the 3 expanded leaves considered at defoliation time. Photosynthetic rate of any leaf remaining after defoliation increased initially, but had declined by the 13th day of regrowth. Stem total non-structural carbohydrates content dropped in response to leaf removal, mainly in the total defoliation treatment which also brought about reduced root growth. Still, the completely defoliated plants had restored their RGR by the 16th day regrowth due to high leaf area expansion rate and leaf area ratio.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Área foliar, Balanço de carbono, Respiração, Reservas, Taxa de crescimento, Partição de assimilados, Assimilate partitioning, Carbon balance, Growth rate, Leaf area, Respiration, Reserves
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, v. 31, n. 6, p. 2165-2175, 2002.