Calagem e silicatagem superficiais e a disponibilidade de cátions hidrossolúveis em culturas anuais e braquiária
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Data
2012-12-01
Autores
Castro, Gustavo Spadotti Amaral [UNESP]
Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa [UNESP]
Menegale, Marcella Leite de Campos [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
Resumo
A eficiência da aplicação superficial de corretivos pode ser melhorada por meio de compostos orgânicos, quantificados através dos cátions hidrossolúveis, liberados por resíduos vegetais. Porém, não se sabe se os teores desses compostos podem ser modificados pela aplicação de calcário e silicato. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da aplicação superficial de calcário e silicato no teor de cátions solúveis e condutividade elétrica do extrato da parte aérea das culturas de soja, milheto, aveia branca, braquiária, milho, feijão e guandu. O experimento foi conduzido entre 2006 e 2008 em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico em Botucatu-SP, em sistema de semeadura direta consolidado. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com dezesseis repetições. Os tratamentos foram 3,8 t ha-1 de calcário dolomítico, 4,1 t.ha-1 de silicato de cálcio e magnésio e uma testemunha, sem aplicação de corretivos no solo. Foram determinados os teores de cátions hidrossolúveis e a condutividade elétrica da parte aérea das culturas. Variações nos teores e na somatória de cátions hidrossolúveis não foram detectadas pela condutividade elétrica dos extratos vegetais da parte aérea das culturas. A aplicação dos corretivos elevou os teores de Ca2+ e Mg2+ solúveis nos extratos dos resíduos de soja, aveia e milheto; para o milho, houve elevação nos teores de Mg2+; além de aumento nos teores de Mn2+ nos resíduos do primeiro ano de braquiária, não havendo, entretanto, influência nos teores nas culturas de feijão, guandu e braquiária no segundo ano.
The efficiency of the surface application of correctives can be improved by means of organic compounds, quantified by water-soluble cations released by plant residue. However, it is unclear whether the levels of these compounds can be modified by the application of limestone and silicate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the surface application of limestone and silicate on the levels of soluble cations and the electrical conductivity of the extract from the shoots of soybean, millet, oats, brachiaria, maize, beans and pigeon pea. The experiment was carried out between 2006 and 2008 in dystrophic red latosol in Botucatu SP, under a system of consolidated direct seeding. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with sixteen replications. The treatments were 3.8 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone, 4.1t ha-1 of calcium silicate and magnesium, and a control with no application of correctives to the soil. The levels of water-soluble cations, and the electrical conductivity of the crop shoots were determined. Variations in the levels and sum of water-soluble cations were not detected through the electrical conductivity of the shoot extract. The application of correctives increased the levels of soluble Ca2+ and Mg2+ in extracts from the residue of soybean, oats, and millet; for maize, there was an increase in the concentrations of Mg2+; in addition to increased levels of Mn2+ in the first-year brachiaria residue, with no influence however, on the levels in bean, pigeon pea and brachiaria crops in the second year.
The efficiency of the surface application of correctives can be improved by means of organic compounds, quantified by water-soluble cations released by plant residue. However, it is unclear whether the levels of these compounds can be modified by the application of limestone and silicate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the surface application of limestone and silicate on the levels of soluble cations and the electrical conductivity of the extract from the shoots of soybean, millet, oats, brachiaria, maize, beans and pigeon pea. The experiment was carried out between 2006 and 2008 in dystrophic red latosol in Botucatu SP, under a system of consolidated direct seeding. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with sixteen replications. The treatments were 3.8 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone, 4.1t ha-1 of calcium silicate and magnesium, and a control with no application of correctives to the soil. The levels of water-soluble cations, and the electrical conductivity of the crop shoots were determined. Variations in the levels and sum of water-soluble cations were not detected through the electrical conductivity of the shoot extract. The application of correctives increased the levels of soluble Ca2+ and Mg2+ in extracts from the residue of soybean, oats, and millet; for maize, there was an increase in the concentrations of Mg2+; in addition to increased levels of Mn2+ in the first-year brachiaria residue, with no influence however, on the levels in bean, pigeon pea and brachiaria crops in the second year.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
calcário, silicato de cálcio e magnésio, resíduos vegetais, acidez do solo, sistema de semeadura direta, limestone, calcium and magnesium silicate, plant residue, soil acidity, direct-seeding system
Como citar
Revista Ciência Agronômica. Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), v. 43, n. 4, p. 740-748, 2012.