Cálcio e o desenvolvimento de aerênquimas e atividade de celulase em plântulas de milho submetidas a hipoxia
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Data
2001-06-01
Autores
Dantas, Bárbara França [UNESP]
Aragão, Carlos Alberto [UNESP]
Alves, José Donizeti
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ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ)
Resumo
A formação de aerênquimas é conhecida como uma das mais importantes adaptações anatômicas pelas quais as plantas passam quando são submetidas à deficiência de oxigênio. Esse tecido se desenvolve pela ação de enzimas de degradação ou afrouxamento da parede celular. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o desenvolvimento de aerênquima em plântulas de milho cv. Saracura- BRS 4154, submetidas à hipoxia. Associou-se, ao desenvolvimento dessa estrutura, a atividade da celulase. Para tanto, plântulas com 4 dias de idade foram submetidas aos tratamentos de hipoxia, pela imersão em tampão de alagamento, na ausência e presença de cálcio. Após 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 dias da aplicação dos tratamentos, foram feitos cortes anatômicos na região apical dos coleóptiles e na região intermediária da raiz para a avaliação da formação de aerênquimas, e coletado o material para os ensaios enzimáticos de celulase. A atividade celulase foi medida através de método viscosimétrico. Nas raízes, a formação de aerênquima aumentou logo após a hipoxia e atingiu 50% do total do córtex ao quarto dia de hipoxia. Este órgão apresentou uma área cortical com aerênquima em média sete vezes maior que nos coleóptiles, onde a área de espaços intercelulares atingiu 15% do córtex. A atividade da celulase em coleóptiles e raízes sofreu, inicialmente, um decréscimo devido ao estresse, aumentando em seguida, acompanhando os resultados de aerênquima. Na presença de cálcio o desenvolvimento de aerênquima foi inibido; no entanto, a atividade enzimática foi induzida.
Aerenchyma formation is known as one of the most important anatomical adaptations of plants submitted to oxygen shortage. This tissue develops by action of degrading enzymes and resulting in cell wall loosening. This work was conducted with the objective of verifying aerenchyma development in corn seedlings cv. Saracura - BRS 4154, submitted to hypoxia. The development of aerenchyma was observed in association to cellulase activity. The seedlings were submitted to the hypoxia treatments 4 days after germination , by immersion in a flooding buffer, in the absence and presence of calcium. After 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days under hypoxic conditions the evaluation of aerenchyma formation was made by transversal sections of coleoptiles apex , where the development of damages caused by hypoxia were also observed, and the intermediary region of roots. The material for the cellulase assays was collected after each of the hypoxia periods. The activity of cellulase was measured by the viscosimetric method. Aerenchyma formation in the roots increased immediately after the induction of hypoxia and reached 50% of the total cortex area at the fourth day of hipoxia. This organ presented an average aerenchyma area seven times higher than coleoptiles, where the area of intercellular spaces reached 15% of the cortex; cell injuries were observed on 65% of the total seedlings. Cellulase activity showed an initial decrease due to the forced stress, but subsequently increased along with the aerenchyma development. The presence of calcium apparently inhibited the aerenchyma development without affecting the enzymatic activity.
Aerenchyma formation is known as one of the most important anatomical adaptations of plants submitted to oxygen shortage. This tissue develops by action of degrading enzymes and resulting in cell wall loosening. This work was conducted with the objective of verifying aerenchyma development in corn seedlings cv. Saracura - BRS 4154, submitted to hypoxia. The development of aerenchyma was observed in association to cellulase activity. The seedlings were submitted to the hypoxia treatments 4 days after germination , by immersion in a flooding buffer, in the absence and presence of calcium. After 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days under hypoxic conditions the evaluation of aerenchyma formation was made by transversal sections of coleoptiles apex , where the development of damages caused by hypoxia were also observed, and the intermediary region of roots. The material for the cellulase assays was collected after each of the hypoxia periods. The activity of cellulase was measured by the viscosimetric method. Aerenchyma formation in the roots increased immediately after the induction of hypoxia and reached 50% of the total cortex area at the fourth day of hipoxia. This organ presented an average aerenchyma area seven times higher than coleoptiles, where the area of intercellular spaces reached 15% of the cortex; cell injuries were observed on 65% of the total seedlings. Cellulase activity showed an initial decrease due to the forced stress, but subsequently increased along with the aerenchyma development. The presence of calcium apparently inhibited the aerenchyma development without affecting the enzymatic activity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Zea mays, celulase, parede celular, cálcio, Zea mays, cellulase, cell wall, calcium
Como citar
Scientia Agricola. São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, v. 58, n. 2, p. 251-257, 2001.