Efeito da calagem e sulfato de amônio no algodão: II - Concentração de cátions e ânions na solução do solo e absorção de nutrientes pelas plantas
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Data
2006-06-01
Autores
Foloni, José Salvador Simoneti
Rosolem, Ciro Antonio [UNESP]
Garcia, Rodrigo Arroyo [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
No sistema de semeadura direta, o calcário tem sido aplicado superficialmente para evitar o revolvimento do solo. Os ânions adicionados via adubação nitrogenada podem aumentar a solubilização de sais de cátions básicos do solo graças à formação de pares iônicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica dos ânions NO3- e SO4(2-) e dos cátions NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e K+ da solução do solo, bem como a absorção de nutrientes pelo algodoeiro submetido a distintas formas de aplicação de calcário e diferentes doses de sulfato de amônio em cobertura, cultivado com a presença de palha na superfície do solo. Utilizou-se um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura média que foi acomodado em vasos com 15,71 dm³. Plantas de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum) foram cultivadas por 60 dias nas condições de calagem superficial sobre a palha, calagem incorporada a 0-20 cm de profundidade e ausência de correção do solo, com a aplicação de doses de sulfato de amônio equivalentes a 0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura. Cápsulas porosas foram instaladas para amostragem e quantificação de nutrientes da solução do solo. A concentração de SO4(2-) da solução do solo foi incrementada pela adubação nitrogenada, independentemente da forma de aplicação do calcário. A curto prazo, a nitrificação do NH4+ aplicado foi favorecida somente com a calagem incorporada, apesar de o N nítrico da solução do solo ter aumentado no final do cultivo do algodão até mesmo no solo não corrigido. As concentrações de Ca, Mg e K da solução do solo foram incrementadas pela adubação de cobertura. O ânion SO4(2-) apresentou maior afinidade do que o NO3- na formação de pares iônicos com os cátions básicos da solução do solo. A adubação nitrogenada proporcionou maior eficiência na absorção de Ca e Mg pelo algodoeiro na condição de calagem incorporada.
In no-tillage systems lime is applied on the soil surface to avoid soil mobilization. Nitrogen fertilization adds anions that can increase the solubility of basic cations of the soil due to formation of ionic pairs. The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamics of anions (SO4(2-) and NO3-) and cations (NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+) in the soil solution, and the nutrient uptake by cotton plants subjected to different lime application forms and ammonium sulfate fertilization, with straw on the soil surface. Cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) were grown for 60 days in PVC columns filled with a distroferric Red Latosol (sand loam Rhodic Oxisol). The soil had lime incorporated into the 0-20 cm layer, liming on the soil surface, or received no lime. Nitrogen was used at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 as ammonium sulfate. The pots consisted of PVC columns of 20 cm diameter and 50 cm height, totaling 15.71 dm³. Porous capsules were installed at a depth of 15-20 cm to extract soil solution. The SO4(2-) of the soil solution was increased by the nitrogen fertilization, independently of the lime application form. Nitrification was favored in the short-term with the application of ammonium sulfate only in the condition of incorporated lime. After 50 days of plant growth, however, nitrate in the soil solution increased, even in the soil that had not been limed. The Ca, Mg and K concentrations in the soil solution were increased as a response to the nitrogen top dressing. The anion SO4(2-) presented greater affinity than NO3- in the formation of ionic pairs with the basic cations in the soil solution. The application of ammonium sulfate was most effective in promoting Ca and Mg uptake by the cotton plants when lime was incorporated.
In no-tillage systems lime is applied on the soil surface to avoid soil mobilization. Nitrogen fertilization adds anions that can increase the solubility of basic cations of the soil due to formation of ionic pairs. The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamics of anions (SO4(2-) and NO3-) and cations (NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+) in the soil solution, and the nutrient uptake by cotton plants subjected to different lime application forms and ammonium sulfate fertilization, with straw on the soil surface. Cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) were grown for 60 days in PVC columns filled with a distroferric Red Latosol (sand loam Rhodic Oxisol). The soil had lime incorporated into the 0-20 cm layer, liming on the soil surface, or received no lime. Nitrogen was used at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 as ammonium sulfate. The pots consisted of PVC columns of 20 cm diameter and 50 cm height, totaling 15.71 dm³. Porous capsules were installed at a depth of 15-20 cm to extract soil solution. The SO4(2-) of the soil solution was increased by the nitrogen fertilization, independently of the lime application form. Nitrification was favored in the short-term with the application of ammonium sulfate only in the condition of incorporated lime. After 50 days of plant growth, however, nitrate in the soil solution increased, even in the soil that had not been limed. The Ca, Mg and K concentrations in the soil solution were increased as a response to the nitrogen top dressing. The anion SO4(2-) presented greater affinity than NO3- in the formation of ionic pairs with the basic cations in the soil solution. The application of ammonium sulfate was most effective in promoting Ca and Mg uptake by the cotton plants when lime was incorporated.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
cálcio, magnésio, potássio, nitrato, plantio direto, calcium, magnesium, potassium, nitrate, no-tillage
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 30, n. 3, p. 433-442, 2006.