Alteração fisiológica da cana-de-açúcar pela aplicação de Glyphosate e Sulfumeturon-Methyl
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Data
2011-06-01
Autores
Meschede, D. K. [UNESP]
Velini, Edivaldo Domingues [UNESP]
Carbonari, Caio Antonio [UNESP]
Silva, J. R. M. [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
O bloqueio parcial das rotas onde atuam os herbicidas, com uso de baixas doses, pode ter implicações importantes, como a alteração do balanço de processos metabólicos nas plantas. Assim, foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2006/2007 um experimento em cana-soca de segundo corte na Fazenda Jurema, pertencente ao grupo COSAN, município de Barra Bonita-SP, para verificar os efeitos do glyphosate e do sulfumeturon-methyl, em subdoses, no comportamento fisiológico da cana-de-açúcar pelos níveis de clorofila e carotenoides. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da aplicação de dois herbicidas: sulfumeturon-methyl (Curavial 360 e.a. kg-1) e glyphosate (Roundup 480 i.a. kg-1), isolados e em misturas, em diferentes doses, e um tratamento controle, sem a aplicação dos herbicidas. As doses utilizadas foram: glyphosate 200 mL p.c. ha-1; glyphosate 400 mL p.c. ha -1; glyphosate 200 mL p.c. ha -1 + 10 g p.c. ha-1 de sulfumeturon-methyl; glyphosate 150 mL p.c. ha -1 + 12 g p.c. ha -1 de sulfumeturon-methyl; e sulfumeturon-methyl 20 g p.c. ha -1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas 15 e 30 dias após o plantio (DAP) e 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após a colheita (DAC). As folhas foram cortadas padronizando-se o mesmo peso e área foliar. Para determinação do conteúdo de clorofila e carotenoides, amostras de 0,2 g de tecido foliar fresco foram preparadas e os extratos filtrados, sendo efetuadas leituras em espectrofotômetro (663 e 645 nm para clorofilas a e b, respectivamente). A aplicação de glyphosate e sulfumeturon-methyl nas maiores doses interferiu no conteúdo de carotenoides quando estes foram comparados com a testemunha. A maior dose de glyphosate diminuiu significativamente o conteúdo de clorofilas e carotenoides na cana-de-açúcar, porém esse resultado não se manteve quando a dose foi reduzida para 200 mL p.c. ha-1 . Os teores de clorofila foram inversamente proporcionais aos níveis Fe. A aplicação de sulfumeturon-methyl não interferiu nos teores de clorofila, no entanto os níveis de carotenoides se mostraram mais sensíveis e seus teores reduzidos. As alterações observadas nos níveis de clorofilas e carotenoides pela aplicação dos produtos podem afetar de maneira distinta o metabolismo da fotossíntese pela absorção e/ou conversão de energia.
The partial blockage of the routes of action of herbicides, using low doses, may have important implications by altering the balance of the metabolic processes in plants. Thus, an experiment was conducted in cutting cane ratoon 2 at Cosan Group's Fazenda Jurema in Barra Bonita-SP, during the agricultural years 2006/2007, to verify the effects of glyphosate and sulfometuron methyl sub-doses on the physiological behavior of sugarcane based on the the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids. The treatments consisted of applications of two herbicides: sulfometuron methyl (480 a.i. kg-1) and glyphosate (360 a.e. kg-1) in different doses and mixtures (Roundup and Curavial, respectively), plus a control treatment, without herbicide application. The doses used were: glyphosate pc ha-1 of 200 mL, 400 mL of glyphosate pc ha-1; pc ha-1 of 200 mL glyphosate + 10 g of pc ha-1 of sulfometuron methyl; pc ha-1 of 150 mL glyphosate + 12 g of pc ha-1 of sulfometuron methyl, sulfometuron methyl pc ha¹ of 20. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The evaluations were carried out 15 and 30 days after planting (DAP) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after harvest (DAH). The leaves were cut using the same standardized weight and leaf area. To determine the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, samples of 0.2 g of fresh leaf tissue were prepared and the extracts were filtered, and spectrophotometer readings were conducted (663 and 645 nm for chlorophyll a and b, respectively). The application of glyphosate and sulfumeturon methyl at larger doses were found to interfere in the carotenoid content, when compared with the control. The highest dose of glyphosate significantly reduced the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in sugarcane, but this result was not maintained when the dose was reduced to 200 mL. The contents of chlorophyll were inversely proportional to the levels of Fe. The application of sulfumeturon methyl did not affect the levels of chlorophyll; however, the carotenoid levels were more sensitive and were reduced. The changes observed in the chlorophyll and carotenoid levels caused by the application of the herbicides may distinctly alter the metabolism of photosynthesis by absorbtion and/or conversion of energy.
The partial blockage of the routes of action of herbicides, using low doses, may have important implications by altering the balance of the metabolic processes in plants. Thus, an experiment was conducted in cutting cane ratoon 2 at Cosan Group's Fazenda Jurema in Barra Bonita-SP, during the agricultural years 2006/2007, to verify the effects of glyphosate and sulfometuron methyl sub-doses on the physiological behavior of sugarcane based on the the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids. The treatments consisted of applications of two herbicides: sulfometuron methyl (480 a.i. kg-1) and glyphosate (360 a.e. kg-1) in different doses and mixtures (Roundup and Curavial, respectively), plus a control treatment, without herbicide application. The doses used were: glyphosate pc ha-1 of 200 mL, 400 mL of glyphosate pc ha-1; pc ha-1 of 200 mL glyphosate + 10 g of pc ha-1 of sulfometuron methyl; pc ha-1 of 150 mL glyphosate + 12 g of pc ha-1 of sulfometuron methyl, sulfometuron methyl pc ha¹ of 20. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The evaluations were carried out 15 and 30 days after planting (DAP) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after harvest (DAH). The leaves were cut using the same standardized weight and leaf area. To determine the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, samples of 0.2 g of fresh leaf tissue were prepared and the extracts were filtered, and spectrophotometer readings were conducted (663 and 645 nm for chlorophyll a and b, respectively). The application of glyphosate and sulfumeturon methyl at larger doses were found to interfere in the carotenoid content, when compared with the control. The highest dose of glyphosate significantly reduced the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in sugarcane, but this result was not maintained when the dose was reduced to 200 mL. The contents of chlorophyll were inversely proportional to the levels of Fe. The application of sulfumeturon methyl did not affect the levels of chlorophyll; however, the carotenoid levels were more sensitive and were reduced. The changes observed in the chlorophyll and carotenoid levels caused by the application of the herbicides may distinctly alter the metabolism of photosynthesis by absorbtion and/or conversion of energy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
degradação, pigmento, metabolismo secundário, pigments, secondary metabolism, degradation
Como citar
Planta Daninha. Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas , v. 29, n. 2, p. 413-419, 2011.