Lixiviação de potássio em função da textura e da disponibilidade do nutriente no solo
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Data
2008-12-01
Autores
Werle, Rodrigo [UNESP]
Garcia, Rodrigo Arroyo [UNESP]
Rosolem, Ciro Antonio [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
O manejo correto da adubação potássica pode minimizar perdas assim como evitar o esgotamento de K do solo. Objetivou-se estudar a dinâmica do K no perfil do solo em função do teor de argila e do teor do nutriente resultantes da adubação da soja. Foram coletados solos de texturas média e argilosa, que vinham sendo adubados com 0, 60, 120, e 180 kg ha-1 de K2O na soja por 6 anos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em tubos de PVC estratificados nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, e 20-40 cm. Na superfície das colunas, aplicaram-se mais 80 kg ha-1 de K2O. Durante 16 semanas, foi aplicada, semanalmente, água em quantidade equivalente a 100 mm de chuva. em cada aplicação, o volume de solução percolada foi determinado, assim como as quantidades de K contidas nessa solução. Após a desmontagem das colunas de solo, foram determinados os teores de K trocável e não-trocável nas diferentes profundidades. A percolação de K foi maior no solo de textura argilosa, que tinha mais K disponível devido ao maior efeito residual da adubação potássica anterior. A intensidade de lixiviação foi proporcional ao teor de K disponível, mas inicialmente a lixiviação foi mais intensa no solo mais arenoso, decrescendo com o tempo. No argiloso, as perdas foram mais constantes. Houve proporcionalidade entre teor inicial e lixiviação no perfil do solo, nas duas formas de K e nos dois tipos de solo. Conclui-se que o efeito residual da adubação potássica aumentou as quantidades de K percolado. A movimentação de K no perfil do solo teve boa relação com o teor inicial de K no solo, resultante da adubação potássica anterior nos dois tipos de solo. A passagem de K considerado não-trocável para trocável foi rápida e influenciou na lixiviação.
A correct potassium fertilization management, using adequate fertilizer amounts, can minimize K losses and avoid soil K depletion. The objective of this study was to evaluate potassium dynamics in the soil profile as affected by different textures and exchangeable K levels resulting from previous soybean fertilizations. Soils with sandy loam and clayey texture previously planted with soybean and fertilized with 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 K2O were sampled during 6 years. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using 40 cm high and 5 cm diameter PVC tubes, where it was stratified the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. on the column surface, 80 kg ha-1 of K2O was applied as KCl and 100 mm water was applied weekly, for 16 weeks. At each application, the drainage solution volume and the K concentration in the leacheate were determined. After the disassembly of the soil columns, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were determined for each layer. Potassium leaching was higher in the clay soil, where available K was higher due to the residual effect of previous K fertilization. Leaching intensity was proportional to available K contents. In the sandy soil initial leaching intensity was higher but decreased along time, whereas in the clayey soil K losses were more constant. The soil K level and leaching in soil profile were proportional to the exchangeable and non-exchangeable K for both soils. The residual effect of K fertilizer during the years under soybean, increasing its availability, can result in intensive exchangeable K losses, irrespective of soil texture. Potassium transformation from non exchangeable to exchangeable K is very fast, and affects the amount of leached K.
A correct potassium fertilization management, using adequate fertilizer amounts, can minimize K losses and avoid soil K depletion. The objective of this study was to evaluate potassium dynamics in the soil profile as affected by different textures and exchangeable K levels resulting from previous soybean fertilizations. Soils with sandy loam and clayey texture previously planted with soybean and fertilized with 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 K2O were sampled during 6 years. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using 40 cm high and 5 cm diameter PVC tubes, where it was stratified the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. on the column surface, 80 kg ha-1 of K2O was applied as KCl and 100 mm water was applied weekly, for 16 weeks. At each application, the drainage solution volume and the K concentration in the leacheate were determined. After the disassembly of the soil columns, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were determined for each layer. Potassium leaching was higher in the clay soil, where available K was higher due to the residual effect of previous K fertilization. Leaching intensity was proportional to available K contents. In the sandy soil initial leaching intensity was higher but decreased along time, whereas in the clayey soil K losses were more constant. The soil K level and leaching in soil profile were proportional to the exchangeable and non-exchangeable K for both soils. The residual effect of K fertilizer during the years under soybean, increasing its availability, can result in intensive exchangeable K losses, irrespective of soil texture. Potassium transformation from non exchangeable to exchangeable K is very fast, and affects the amount of leached K.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
K trocável, K não-trocável, CTC, efeito residual de K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K, CEC, residual effect
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 32, n. 6, p. 2297-2305, 2008.