Influência dos Íons Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu e Zn sobre a tensão superficial estática de soluções contendo surfatante
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Data
2006-09-01
Autores
Silva, F.M.L. [UNESP]
Velini, Edivaldo Domingues [UNESP]
Corrêa, T.M. [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da presença de cinco íons em uma calda de pulverização contendo o surfatante Aterbane. A tensão superficial foi analisada por meio da medição da massa de um conjunto de 25 gotas, com quatro repetições constituindo um tratamento. O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira, os tratamentos foram combinados em esquema fatorial 9x5x2, sendo nove concentrações do surfatante Aterbane (0,01; 0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5; 1; 2; e 3%), cinco íons (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ e Zn+++) e duas concentrações desses elementos (10 e 100 ppm). Na segunda etapa, os tratamentos foram combinados em esquema fatorial 5x5x1, utilizandose os mesmos cinco elementos (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ e Zn+++), em cinco concentrações (1, 5, 20, 50 e 200 ppm), com apenas uma concentração do surfatante Aterbane (0,025%). Outros nove tratamentos permitiram avaliar as tensões superficiais das concentrações do surfatante (0,01; 0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,5; 1; 2; e 3%) sem a adição dos íons. Os resultados mostraram que houve interferência dos íons sobre as soluções, já que, com exceção do Fe+++ (na concentração de 10 e 100 ppm) e do Cu+++ (na concentração de 100 ppm), todos os íons reduziram a tensão mínima alcançada e aumentaram a eficiência do surfatante, implicando benefícios à ação do surfatante e sobre as características de possíveis soluções de aplicação. Todos os íons avaliados promoveram reduções nas tensões superficiais de soluções do surfatante na concentração de 0,025%.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of 5 ions on a spray solution containing the surfactant aterbane. Surface tension was analyzed by measuring the mass of a set of 25 drops, with four repetitions constituting a treatment. The work was divided in two stages. In the first, the treatments were arranged in a 9x5x2 factorial design, nine Aterbane concentrations (0.01; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1; 2; and 3%) and five ions (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ and Zn+++) at 2 concentrations (10 and 100 ppm). In the second stage, the treatments were arranged in a 5x5x1 factorial design using the same five elements (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ and Zn+++) at 5 concentrations (1, 5, 20, 50 and 100 ppm) with only one surfactant concentration (0.025%). Nine other treatments allowed to evaluate the surface tensions of the surfactant concentrations without ion addition. The results showed that the ions interfered in the solutions, except for Fe (at concentration of 10 and 100 ppm) and Cu (at concentration of 100 ppm), since all ions reduced the minimum tension reached and increased surfactant effectiveness, enhancing surfactant action and the characteristics of possible application solutions. All ions evaluated reduced the surface tensions of the surfactant solutions at a concentration of 0.025%.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of 5 ions on a spray solution containing the surfactant aterbane. Surface tension was analyzed by measuring the mass of a set of 25 drops, with four repetitions constituting a treatment. The work was divided in two stages. In the first, the treatments were arranged in a 9x5x2 factorial design, nine Aterbane concentrations (0.01; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1; 2; and 3%) and five ions (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ and Zn+++) at 2 concentrations (10 and 100 ppm). In the second stage, the treatments were arranged in a 5x5x1 factorial design using the same five elements (Mg++, Ca++, Fe+++, Cu+++ and Zn+++) at 5 concentrations (1, 5, 20, 50 and 100 ppm) with only one surfactant concentration (0.025%). Nine other treatments allowed to evaluate the surface tensions of the surfactant concentrations without ion addition. The results showed that the ions interfered in the solutions, except for Fe (at concentration of 10 and 100 ppm) and Cu (at concentration of 100 ppm), since all ions reduced the minimum tension reached and increased surfactant effectiveness, enhancing surfactant action and the characteristics of possible application solutions. All ions evaluated reduced the surface tensions of the surfactant solutions at a concentration of 0.025%.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
tecnologia de aplicação, metodologia, Mitscherlich, application technology, metodology, Mitscherlich
Como citar
Planta Daninha. Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas , v. 24, n. 3, p. 589-595, 2006.