Granulometria e doses de calcário em diferentes sistemas de manejo
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Data
2011-06-01
Autores
Gonçalves, José Ricardo Pupo
Moreira, Adônis
Büll, Leonardo Theodoro [UNESP]
Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa [UNESP]
Villas Boas, Roberto Lyra [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (EDUEM)
Resumo
A utilização de calcário em plantio direto é um dos problemas na adoção desse método de manejo do solo. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações nas propriedades químicas do solo cultivado nos sistemas de plantio convencional (SCC) e plantio direto (SPD), em função da granulometria e de doses de calcário dolomítico aplicado em superfície. Os experimentos foram realizados por três anos agrícolas em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em área de pastagem de Urochloa decumbens, com cultivo de milho em sucessão com aveia preta e triticale. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi os blocos casualizados em parcelas sub-subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas análises químicas (pH, Ca, Mg, H+Al e saturação por bases) do solo coletado nas camadas de 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm e 20-40 cm aos 12, 24 e 36 meses após a implantação dos experimentos. Os resultados evidenciaram alterações nas propriedades químicas do solo, com aumento significativo do pH, Ca e Mg trocáveis, saturação por bases e redução da acidez potencial até 10 cm de profundidade no SPD, com diferenças significativas em relação ao SCC. Nas profundidades de 10-20 cm e 20-40 cm, houve inversão, e os efeitos na neutralização da acidez do solo foram mais pronunciados no SCC que no SPD. A utilização de calcário com PRNT de 95% proporcionou melhor neutralização da acidez do solo até 10 cm de profundidade. A aplicação em superfície do corretivo da acidez antes da implantação do SPD não foi suficiente para elevar a saturação por bases em nível almejado para a cultura do milho.
The use of limestone in no-tillage system usually causes great problems in soil management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in the chemical properties of the soil under no-tillage (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CTS) due to granulometric fraction [Effective Calcium Carbonate (ECC) = 95% and 56%] and three rates (95% ECC = 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 t ha-1 and 56% ECC = 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1) of dolomite lime applied in surface two months prior to system implantation. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with four replications in a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) during three years, in area of pasture of Urochloa decumbens using a succession of corn and black oat. The soil chemical characteristics (pH, Ca, Mg, H+Al and base saturation) were analyzed in 12, 24 and 36 months before each sowing in the depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The results evidenced alterations in soil chemical properties with pH increase, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, base saturation, and reduction of potential acidity up to 10 cm of depth in NTS, with significant differences in relation to CTS. In the depths of 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm, there was an inversion, and the effects in the neutralization of soil acidity were more pronounced in the CTS than the NTS. The application of lime with 95% ECC showed better neutralization of soil acidity up to 10 cm of depth. The use of lime with 95% ECC provided better neutralization of the acidity of the soil up to 10 cm of depth. The corrective application in surface before the implantation of SPD was enough to elevate the base saturation for levels adapted for the corn yield.
The use of limestone in no-tillage system usually causes great problems in soil management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in the chemical properties of the soil under no-tillage (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CTS) due to granulometric fraction [Effective Calcium Carbonate (ECC) = 95% and 56%] and three rates (95% ECC = 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 t ha-1 and 56% ECC = 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1) of dolomite lime applied in surface two months prior to system implantation. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with four replications in a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) during three years, in area of pasture of Urochloa decumbens using a succession of corn and black oat. The soil chemical characteristics (pH, Ca, Mg, H+Al and base saturation) were analyzed in 12, 24 and 36 months before each sowing in the depths 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The results evidenced alterations in soil chemical properties with pH increase, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, base saturation, and reduction of potential acidity up to 10 cm of depth in NTS, with significant differences in relation to CTS. In the depths of 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm, there was an inversion, and the effects in the neutralization of soil acidity were more pronounced in the CTS than the NTS. The application of lime with 95% ECC showed better neutralization of soil acidity up to 10 cm of depth. The use of lime with 95% ECC provided better neutralization of the acidity of the soil up to 10 cm of depth. The corrective application in surface before the implantation of SPD was enough to elevate the base saturation for levels adapted for the corn yield.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
acidez do solo, pH, calagem, saturação por bases, manejo do solo, soil acidity, pH, liming, base saturation, soil management
Como citar
Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy. Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) - EDUEM, v. 33, n. 2, p. 369-375, 2011.