Medida indireta da clorofila e sua relação com o manejo da adubação nitrogenada em plantas cítricas fertirrigadas
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Data
2011-09-01
Autores
Souza, Thais Regina de
Salomão, Leandro Caixeta [UNESP]
Andrade, Thomas Fiore de [UNESP]
Villas Boas, Roberto Lyra [UNESP]
Quaggio, José Antônio
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura
Resumo
O planejamento da programação nutricional na citricultura requer a avaliação da disponibilidade de nutrientes através de análises de solo e folha, e também leva em consideração a expectativa de produtividade e a exportação de nutrientes pela colheita. A disponibilidade de nitrogênio (N) não tem sido eficientemente avaliada através de análises do solo e, em algumas áreas de cultivo de plantas cítricas, o N-foliar vem sendo empregado como guia para recomendação de N. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade da medida indireta da clorofila como um método de monitoramento dos níveis de N em plantas cítricas. Para isso, um trabalho experimental de campo foi conduzido em Reginópolis-SP, durante dois anos, com as variedades de copa Valência e Hamlim, ambas sobre porta-enxerto citrumelo Swingle. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de N aplicadas via fertirrigação: 0; 35; 70; 140 e 280 kg ha-1 de N, na forma de nitrato de amônio. Todas as parcelas foram devidamente fertilizadas com fósforo, potássio e micronutrientes também através da fertirrigação. A medida indireta da clorofila foi avaliada pelo clorofilômetro, modelo SPAD-502, em folhas recém-maduras (3ª e 4ª folhas), nos quatro quadrantes, e na altura mediana da planta. As mesmas folhas foram utilizadas para a determinação do teor de N-foliar. As medidas de leitura SPAD e o teor de N na folha apresentaram respostas quadráticas às doses de N aplicadas. Correlação de 0,95 (p < 0,05) foi observada entre a medida indireta da clorofila e o teor de N foliar. Durante os estádios de desenvolvimento da cultura, os valores médios de leitura SPAD variaram em 11 unidades, e os teores médios de N foliar, em 5 unidades (g kg-1). Leituras SPAD abaixo de 70 e acima de 75 estiveram relacionadas, respectivamente, com plantas muito responsivas e não responsivas a N, enquanto plantas com leituras intermediárias devem ser adubadas com doses de N próximas daquelas extraídas com a colheita. Baseado em duas safras completas, conclui-se que a medida indireta da clorofila pode ser empregada como ferramenta rápida e não destrutiva no monitoramento e na avaliação da disponibilidade de N em plantas cítricas
The planning of nutritional programming in citrus requires the evaluation of nutrient availability through soil and leaf analysis and also considers the yield expectancy and the nutrient exportation by the harvest. Nitrogen (N) availability has not being efficiently evaluated by soil analysis and for this reason leaf-N has being used as a guide to N recommendation in some areas with citrus growers. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the chlorophyll indirect measurement as a method to monitor N status of citrus trees. A field trial was conducted in Reginópolis, State of São Paulo - Brazil, during two consecutive years, with Valencia and Hamlin trees, both grafted on citrumelo Swingle rootstock. The treatments consisted of five nitrogen rates applied by fertigation: 0, 35, 70, 140 and 280 kg ha-1 of N as ammonium nitrate. All plots were adequately supplied with phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients also by fertigation. The chlorophyll indirect measurement was evaluated through the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter in recent mature leaves (3th and the 4th leaves), in the four tree quadrants at the medium of tree height. The same leaves were used to assess leaf N concentration. SPAD readings and leaf N concentrations showed quadratic trends when plotted against N rates. A correlation of 0.95 (p < 0.05) was observed between the chlorophyll indirect measurement and leaf N concentration. During the different tree development stages, SPAD readings varied by 11 units, while leaf-N variation was 5 g kg-1. SPAD readings below 70 and above 75 were respectively related to very N responsive and non N responsive trees, while trees with intermediate reading values should be supplied with N rates close to those removed by harvest. Based on the results of two successive seasons, it is concluded that the chlorophyll indirect measurement can be used as a fast and non-destructive tool to monitor and to assess nitrogen availability in citrus plants.
The planning of nutritional programming in citrus requires the evaluation of nutrient availability through soil and leaf analysis and also considers the yield expectancy and the nutrient exportation by the harvest. Nitrogen (N) availability has not being efficiently evaluated by soil analysis and for this reason leaf-N has being used as a guide to N recommendation in some areas with citrus growers. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the chlorophyll indirect measurement as a method to monitor N status of citrus trees. A field trial was conducted in Reginópolis, State of São Paulo - Brazil, during two consecutive years, with Valencia and Hamlin trees, both grafted on citrumelo Swingle rootstock. The treatments consisted of five nitrogen rates applied by fertigation: 0, 35, 70, 140 and 280 kg ha-1 of N as ammonium nitrate. All plots were adequately supplied with phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients also by fertigation. The chlorophyll indirect measurement was evaluated through the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter in recent mature leaves (3th and the 4th leaves), in the four tree quadrants at the medium of tree height. The same leaves were used to assess leaf N concentration. SPAD readings and leaf N concentrations showed quadratic trends when plotted against N rates. A correlation of 0.95 (p < 0.05) was observed between the chlorophyll indirect measurement and leaf N concentration. During the different tree development stages, SPAD readings varied by 11 units, while leaf-N variation was 5 g kg-1. SPAD readings below 70 and above 75 were respectively related to very N responsive and non N responsive trees, while trees with intermediate reading values should be supplied with N rates close to those removed by harvest. Based on the results of two successive seasons, it is concluded that the chlorophyll indirect measurement can be used as a fast and non-destructive tool to monitor and to assess nitrogen availability in citrus plants.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
citros, clorofilômetro, teor foliar, disponibilidade de nitrogênio, citrus, chlorophyll meter, leaf-N, nitrogen availability
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 33, n. 3, p. 993-1003, 2011.