Efeito residual da aplicação superficial de calcário e gesso nas culturas de soja, aveia-preta e sorgo granífero
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Data
2011-07-22
Autores
Costa, Claudio Hideo Martins da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No sistema plantio direto praticamente não há revolvimento do solo e o consequente acúmulo de fertilizantes na superfície acelera o processo de acidificação, contínuo e acentuado que ocorre naturalmente em solos de regiões úmidas, onde, geralmente, é observada baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes e elevados teores de alumínio. Assim, da mesma forma que no sistema de cultivo convencional, no sistema plantio direto também existe a necessidade de aplicação de insumos em superfície, especialmente, materiais corretivos de acidez. Dentro deste enfoque, o trabalho foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, Campus de Botucatu (SP), dando continuidade a um projeto de pesquisa que vem sendo conduzido desde 2002, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito residual da aplicação superficial de corretivos na correção da acidez do solo, bem como na nutrição, na produtividade das culturas da soja e do sorgo e na produção de matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes da aveia-preta em região de inverno seco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro doses de calcário (0, 1000, 2000 e 4000 kg ha-1) e as subparcelas por duas doses de gesso agrícola (0 e 2100 kg ha-1), aplicado em novembro 2004. Como cultura de verão foi utilizada a cultura da soja e na entressafra as culturas da aveia-preta e sorgo granífero. A aplicação de calcário em superfície promoveu diminuição da acidez e elevação nos teores de fósforo, cálcio, magnésio e matéria orgânica, em praticamente todo perfil do solo. A aplicação de gesso agrícola promoveu aumentos nos 2 teores de Ca trocável e S-SO42-, e diminuição no teor de Al trocável no solo...
In no tillage system the absence of soil mobilization consequently decreases places fertilizers on surface, affecting the acidification process. Like in conventional system, in no tillage it is also necessary input application, especially materials for acidity correction. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area, in the city of Botucatu (SP, Brazil), continuing a research project that has been conducted since 2002, to evaluate the long-term effects of surface application of lime and gypsum on acidity correction, nutrition, yield of soybean and sorghum, and dry matter production and nutrients accumulation on black oat in a dry winter region. The experimental design was the completely randomized with subdivided plots and four replications. The mains plots consisted of four dolomite limestone levels (0, 1000, 2000 e 4000 kg ha-1) and the subplots consisted areas with and without gypsum (0 and 2100 kg ha-1), applied in November 2004. Soybean was the summer crops and the off-season crops are black oat and grain sorghum Lime surface application reduced soil acidity and increased phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and organic matter, practically all the soil profile. Phosphogypsum application promoted increasing exchangeable Ca and S-SO42- contents, and decreased exchangeable Al in the soil, favoring the effects of surface liming on soil properties, mainly the surface layer (0-0.20 m). Base saturation values obtained at a depth of 0-0.20 m with liming were lower than those estimated by BS method, even with phosphogypsum application. Liming increased, on soybeans, foliar contents of N, P, Ca, Mg and S in 2008/09, and N, Ca and Mg, in 2009/10. In the presence of phosphogypsum increased the levels of N In no tillage system the absence of soil mobilization consequently... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In no tillage system the absence of soil mobilization consequently decreases places fertilizers on surface, affecting the acidification process. Like in conventional system, in no tillage it is also necessary input application, especially materials for acidity correction. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area, in the city of Botucatu (SP, Brazil), continuing a research project that has been conducted since 2002, to evaluate the long-term effects of surface application of lime and gypsum on acidity correction, nutrition, yield of soybean and sorghum, and dry matter production and nutrients accumulation on black oat in a dry winter region. The experimental design was the completely randomized with subdivided plots and four replications. The mains plots consisted of four dolomite limestone levels (0, 1000, 2000 e 4000 kg ha-1) and the subplots consisted areas with and without gypsum (0 and 2100 kg ha-1), applied in November 2004. Soybean was the summer crops and the off-season crops are black oat and grain sorghum Lime surface application reduced soil acidity and increased phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and organic matter, practically all the soil profile. Phosphogypsum application promoted increasing exchangeable Ca and S-SO42- contents, and decreased exchangeable Al in the soil, favoring the effects of surface liming on soil properties, mainly the surface layer (0-0.20 m). Base saturation values obtained at a depth of 0-0.20 m with liming were lower than those estimated by BS method, even with phosphogypsum application. Liming increased, on soybeans, foliar contents of N, P, Ca, Mg and S in 2008/09, and N, Ca and Mg, in 2009/10. In the presence of phosphogypsum increased the levels of N In no tillage system the absence of soil mobilization consequently... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas - Nutrição, Plant nutrition, Soil acidity, Soil correction
Como citar
COSTA, Claudio Hideo Martins da. Efeito residual da aplicação superficial de calcário e gesso nas culturas de soja, aveia-preta e sorgo granífero. 2011. viii, 80 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2011.