Emissão de gases de efeito estufa em áreas de sistema semeadura direta com aportes diferenciados de carbono e nitrogênio
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2013-08-01
Autores
Rigon, João Paulo Gonsiorkiewicz [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em função dos solos agrícolas atuarem como fonte ou dreno dos gases do efeito estufa, dependendo das práticas de manejo utilizadas, há necessidade de determinar os sistemas que mais contribuam na redução de emissões, promovendo o acúmulo de carbono e matéria orgânica estável no solo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as emissões oriundas de diferentes cultivos sob Sistema Semeadura Direta (SSD) e o rendimento da soja, relacionando às características físicas do solo, ao aporte de carbono dos resíduos vegetais ao solo e ao estoque de C e N do solo. O trabalho foi realizado em duas áreas de manejo em SSD por no mínimo oito anos, com diferentes rotações de culturas, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Unesp/Botucatu (SP). No experimento I, o solo do tipo Latossolo é cultivado sob SSD há doze anos, sendo as sucessões estudas nesse experimento implantadas em 2006 , e constam do cultivo de sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor) e braquiária (Brachiaria ruziziensis), e o consórcio de ambas no outono/inverno; e pelo cultivo de (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e crotalária júncea (Crotalaria juncea L.), antecedendo a cultura da soja na safra de verão como subparcelas. O segundo experimento vem sendo conduzido desde 2003, em Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, estruturado, de textura argilosa, e as parcelas constituídas pelas culturas de inverno triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) e girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), e as subparcelas pelos manejos de primavera envolvendo milheto (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e crotalária júncea (Crotalaria juncea L.), além da escarificação, realizada em 2003 e 2009. Na safra de verão foi cultivada a soja, em todas as subparcelas. Foram analisadas as quantidades de palha produzida em cada cultivo e os aporte médios de C e N adicionados ao solo no cultivo de inverno e...
According to the agricultural soils to act as source or sink of greenhouse gases, due to the management practices, need to determine the systems which contribute for reducing emissions by promoting the accumulation of carbon and stable organic matter in soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the emissions from different crops under no tillage (NT) and soybean grain yield, relating to the soil physical characteristics, the input of carbon from plant residues and the stock of C and N in the soil. The study was carried out in two management areas in NT for at least eight years, with different crop rotations at the Experimental Farm Lageado, Unesp/Botucatu (SP). In the first experiment, the soil was aRhodic Ferralsol under SSD for twelve years, and the successions studied in this experiment established in 2006 with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and brachiaria (Brachiaria ruziziensis), single or intercropped in the fall/winter, as plots. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), were cropped in the spring, in the subplots, preceding soybean crop in the summer. The second experiment has been conducted since 2003 in Red Nitossols structured, clayey, and the plots constituted by crops winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The subplots and managements spring involving pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), and chiselling pearformed in 2003 and 2009. In the summer all experimental units were cropped with soybean. We analyzed the amount of straw produced in each crop and the average input of C and N added in the soil withthe crop rotations. We determined the physical characteristics of the soil as soil bulk density, macro, micro, and total porosity at 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm layer, and the stock ...
According to the agricultural soils to act as source or sink of greenhouse gases, due to the management practices, need to determine the systems which contribute for reducing emissions by promoting the accumulation of carbon and stable organic matter in soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the emissions from different crops under no tillage (NT) and soybean grain yield, relating to the soil physical characteristics, the input of carbon from plant residues and the stock of C and N in the soil. The study was carried out in two management areas in NT for at least eight years, with different crop rotations at the Experimental Farm Lageado, Unesp/Botucatu (SP). In the first experiment, the soil was aRhodic Ferralsol under SSD for twelve years, and the successions studied in this experiment established in 2006 with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and brachiaria (Brachiaria ruziziensis), single or intercropped in the fall/winter, as plots. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), were cropped in the spring, in the subplots, preceding soybean crop in the summer. The second experiment has been conducted since 2003 in Red Nitossols structured, clayey, and the plots constituted by crops winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The subplots and managements spring involving pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), and chiselling pearformed in 2003 and 2009. In the summer all experimental units were cropped with soybean. We analyzed the amount of straw produced in each crop and the average input of C and N added in the soil withthe crop rotations. We determined the physical characteristics of the soil as soil bulk density, macro, micro, and total porosity at 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm layer, and the stock ...
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Palavras-chave
Café - Palha - Ultilização, Nitrogenio, Potassio, Residuos organicos como fertilizantes, Coffee
Como citar
RIGON, João Paulo Gonsiorkiewicz. Emissão de gases de efeito estufa em áreas de sistema semeadura direta com aportes diferenciados de carbono e nitrogênio. 2013. vi, 98 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” , Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2013.