Estrutura da fauna de formigas epígeas em fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica Semidecidual com diferentes tamanhos
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Data
2013-03-28
Autores
Castilho, Gracieli Araujo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A fragmentação de habitats é um processo cada vez mais comum e uma das principais ameaças à biodiversidade mundial, mas seus efeitos sobre o funcionamento dos ecossistemas é um tema relevante para a biologia da conservação. Tendo em vista o cenário de fragmentação do noroeste do estado de São Paulo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi inventariar a fauna de formigas de fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e investigar se a riqueza, a composição de espécies e grupos funcionais das formigas são influenciadas pelo tamanho e características dos fragmentos, por fatores abióticos, estrutura da vegetação e disponibilidade de recursos alimentares. Foram testadas as seguintes hipóteses: H1 - A fragmentação de habitats altera a composição de espécies de formigas, aumentando a proporção de espécies generalistas nos fragmentos menores; H2 - Fragmentos menores são invadidos pelas espécies da matriz adjacente e da borda, resultando em maior similaridade borda-interior nos fragmentos menores; H3 - Fragmentos maiores possuem maior riqueza de espécies especialistas e uma maior riqueza total de espécies. O estudo foi realizado em seis fragmentos florestais, com duas coletas em cada uma das áreas. Armadilhas do tipo pitfall foram instaladas ao longo de três transectos (interior do fragmento, borda e matriz adjacente); foram montadas 20 armadilhas espaçadas 20m entre si, totalizando 60 armadilhas por área. Em cada transecto, sete variáveis foram medidas (variáveis abióticas e bióticas), espaçados 80m (cinco pontos ao longo do transecto). Dois conjuntos de dados foram usados para testar a relação entre variáveis explicativas e riqueza de espécies: (i) foram considerados os dados de riqueza dos pitfalls onde as variáveis foram medidas (5 pitfalls/transecto, Modelo I), e (ii) dados de pitfalls adjacentes...
Habitat fragmentation is an increasingly common process common and a major threat to global biodiversity. However its effects on ecosystems functioning are still largely under evaluated. Given the remnants landscape at northwestern of São Paulo State, the goal of this study was to survey the ant fauna in Semideciduous Forest fragments from this region and investigate if the species richness, taxonomic composition and functional groups of ants are influenced by remnants size, site characteristics described by abiotic factors, habitat complexity, food resources availability, and nesting sites (twigs). The following hypotheses were tested: H1 – habitats fragmentation changes the composition of ant species, increasing the ratio of generalist species in smaller fragments compared to larger ones; H2 – smaller remnants are invaded by species from adjacent matrix and edge, leading to greater similarity core-edge; H3 – larger remnants have higher richness of specialized species and higher richness of total species. The study was carried out in six forest remnants; two surveys were performed in each area. Pitfall traps were installed along three transects (fragment core, edge and matrix); were used 20 traps spaced 20 meters, totaling 60 traps by area. In each transect, seven local variables were measured (biotic and abiotic variables), spaced 80 meters (five plots along the transect). Were used two data sets to test the relationship between species richness and site characteristics (biotic and abiotic variables): (i) we considered the pitfalls where the variables were measured (5 pitfalls/transect, Model I) and (ii) groups of adjacents pitfalls were combined to describe species richness along the transect (20 pitfalls/transect, Model II). Were sampled 173 ant species, 49 genera and 10 subfamilies. Functional groups... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Habitat fragmentation is an increasingly common process common and a major threat to global biodiversity. However its effects on ecosystems functioning are still largely under evaluated. Given the remnants landscape at northwestern of São Paulo State, the goal of this study was to survey the ant fauna in Semideciduous Forest fragments from this region and investigate if the species richness, taxonomic composition and functional groups of ants are influenced by remnants size, site characteristics described by abiotic factors, habitat complexity, food resources availability, and nesting sites (twigs). The following hypotheses were tested: H1 – habitats fragmentation changes the composition of ant species, increasing the ratio of generalist species in smaller fragments compared to larger ones; H2 – smaller remnants are invaded by species from adjacent matrix and edge, leading to greater similarity core-edge; H3 – larger remnants have higher richness of specialized species and higher richness of total species. The study was carried out in six forest remnants; two surveys were performed in each area. Pitfall traps were installed along three transects (fragment core, edge and matrix); were used 20 traps spaced 20 meters, totaling 60 traps by area. In each transect, seven local variables were measured (biotic and abiotic variables), spaced 80 meters (five plots along the transect). Were used two data sets to test the relationship between species richness and site characteristics (biotic and abiotic variables): (i) we considered the pitfalls where the variables were measured (5 pitfalls/transect, Model I) and (ii) groups of adjacents pitfalls were combined to describe species richness along the transect (20 pitfalls/transect, Model II). Were sampled 173 ant species, 49 genera and 10 subfamilies. Functional groups... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ecologia animal, Formiga, Formiga - Composição, Formiga - Mata Atlântica, Florestas - Influencia - São Paulo (Estado), Animal ecology
Como citar
CASTILHO, Gracieli Araujo. Estrutura da fauna de formigas epígeas em fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica Semidecidual com diferentes tamanhos. 2013. 97 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2013.