Influência da disponibilidade sazonal e da composição química de itens alimentares no consumo do macaco-prego
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2013-02-15
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A supressão e fragmentação de habitats estão entre as principais ameaças à biota, sobretudo devido à diminuição da disponibilidade de recursos. O macaco-prego (Sapajus nigritus), endêmico da Mata Atlântica, invade plantios de pinus e outras monoculturas agrícolas, como o milho, em busca de alimento, gerando conflitos com produtores florestais e agrícolas. Enquanto o consumo da seiva de Pinus spp. ocorre no período de baixa disponibilidade de frutos na floresta nativa (inverno/primavera), os danos ao milho ocorrem em qualquer período do ano em que este esteja disponível. Adicionalmente, apesar de apresentar uma dieta bastante generalista, nem todas as espécies de frutos disponíveis são consumidas pelo macaco-prego, independente da sua abundância. Embora a seleção dos alimentos por animais seja feita de maneira a otimizar o gasto energético para sua obtenção e diminuir o risco de predação, existe uma complexidade de fatores envolvidos nessa escolha, entre eles a fenologia e a composição química. Este estudo buscou caracterizar a composição química de itens alimentares que integram a dieta do macaco-prego, bem como de itens sabidamente evitados por ele, em duas formações florestais da Mata Atlântica do sul do Brasil, avaliando a sua influência, bem como da disponibilidade sazonal na dieta desse primata. Primeiramente, frutos disponíveis nessas formações foram categorizados em alto (AF), baixo (BF) e nenhum consumo (NC) com base em frequências relativas de consumo, previamente estudadas. Na sequência, foram coletados, quando maduros, e tiveram caracterizadas concentrações de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, fibras, lipídios, carboidratos, glicose, frutose, vitamina C, minerais e compostos fenólicos totais para 52 espécies de frutos (22 AF, 13 BF e 17 NC). Adicionalmente, foram caracterizados...
Fragmentation and habitat loss are among the main threats to wildlife, especially due to decrease in resources availability. The brown capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus), endemic to the Atlantic Forest, invades pine and other agricultural monocultures, such as corn, in search of food, which ends up causing conflicts with forest and agricultural producers. While phloem sap consumption of Pinus spp. occurs exclusively in the low-availability period of fruits from native forest (winter/spring), corn damage occurs at any period of the year in which it is available. Additionally, although it has a fairly generalist diet, not all fruit species available in a given area are consumed by brown capuchin monkeys, regardless of their abundance. Even though food selection by animals is made in such a way to minimize the energy expenditure for getting it, and decrease predation risk, there is a complex set of factors involved in this choice, including phenology and chemical composition of food. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of both food items from the diet and items known to be avoided by brown capuchin monkeys, in two Atlantic Forest formations. Also, their influences in this primate diet, as well as their seasonal availability were evaluated. First, fruits available from these formations were categorized into highly consumed (AF), low consumption (BF) and not consumed (NC), based on their relative frequency of consumption, previously studied. As a result, they were collected, when ripe, and had their concentrations of moisture, ash, proteins, fibers, lipids, carbohydrates, glucose, fructose, vitamin C, minerals and total phenolic compounds from 52 species of fruits (AF 22, 13 BF and 17 NC) characterized. Additionally, six other food... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Fragmentation and habitat loss are among the main threats to wildlife, especially due to decrease in resources availability. The brown capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus), endemic to the Atlantic Forest, invades pine and other agricultural monocultures, such as corn, in search of food, which ends up causing conflicts with forest and agricultural producers. While phloem sap consumption of Pinus spp. occurs exclusively in the low-availability period of fruits from native forest (winter/spring), corn damage occurs at any period of the year in which it is available. Additionally, although it has a fairly generalist diet, not all fruit species available in a given area are consumed by brown capuchin monkeys, regardless of their abundance. Even though food selection by animals is made in such a way to minimize the energy expenditure for getting it, and decrease predation risk, there is a complex set of factors involved in this choice, including phenology and chemical composition of food. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of both food items from the diet and items known to be avoided by brown capuchin monkeys, in two Atlantic Forest formations. Also, their influences in this primate diet, as well as their seasonal availability were evaluated. First, fruits available from these formations were categorized into highly consumed (AF), low consumption (BF) and not consumed (NC), based on their relative frequency of consumption, previously studied. As a result, they were collected, when ripe, and had their concentrations of moisture, ash, proteins, fibers, lipids, carbohydrates, glucose, fructose, vitamin C, minerals and total phenolic compounds from 52 species of fruits (AF 22, 13 BF and 17 NC) characterized. Additionally, six other food... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ecologia animal, Ecologia vegetal, Fenologia vegetal, Macaco - Alimentos, Animal ecology
Como citar
ALMEIDA, Adriana de. Influência da disponibilidade sazonal e da composição química de itens alimentares no consumo do macaco-prego. 2013. 133 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2013.